社会转型期社会结构、经济结构的变化，促使女性就业的职业结构和产业结构也发生了积极的变化。接受过系统高等教育曾经或正在从事技术、管理类工作的知识女性正在成为中国社会发展的主要力量。倾向于技术和理性的现代社会，强大的国家政权、城市的成长，以及职业中的“去性别化”，无处不在地显示出男性气质。然而，女人与生俱来的生物属性、历史形成的经济政治制度和中国传统文化中独特的阴阳理论，又在与家庭相关的领域强调女性性别规范。男性气质与女性气质的二元对立性，使得强调能力和竞争的工作与强调情感和安全的家庭天然对立。 在强调素质和竞争的市场逻辑下，由于转型期意识形态的“失范”、社会保障的弱化、社会制度不完善、知识女性自身存在的问题，导致知识女性的发展陷入困境。家庭还是事业，情感还是自我实现成为她们人生发展道路上的两难选择。这种冲突不是简单的时间、工作量的冲突，是在复杂的社会文化背景下，更深层次的性别认同和价值观上的冲突。本文选取10位40岁左右有未成年子女的都市知识女性进行访谈，通过访谈案例分析的方法研究当代知识女性工作家庭冲突的特点，找到正确处理这种冲突的策略，促进知识女性群体工作和家庭的平衡。访谈发现：被访者普遍表示家庭对她们具有重要意义，家庭生活中令她们压力最大的是子女的教养和经济拮据。社会支持的缺失使得被访女性均不同程度地在工作和家庭责任之间顾此失彼； 社会环境的变迁以及社会保障的缺失，导致她们普遍缺乏安全感。工作对她们来说，首先是安全的保障，然后才是自我实现的需要；市场环境下越来越激烈的竞争要求就业者在时间和精力上的投入越来越多，无法履行家庭责任使她们产生强烈的负疚感；较高的教育水平和参与社会竞争的能力，使她们普遍渴望获得社会的认同，不满足于家庭的小圈子。选择家庭利益还是自我实现跟她们的价值观密切相关，也与生命周期所处阶段相关。建议知识女性在面对工作和家庭冲突时，首先进行自身价值观的判断和选择，根据自身生命周期所处的阶段调整自身角色期待，同时积极发展自己同社会联系的能力。另外，社会应当建立健全社会支持体系和社会保障机制，使女性能够真正平等地参与社会工作。最后，国家在制度和话语上需要引导真正的性别平等。

The changes of Social and economic structure in transitional China has made the positive changes in occupational structure and industrial structure of women obtaining occupation. The qualification of female occupied population has been raised substantially. Those intellectual women who is systematically-educated or has ever done or is doing technical or management job is being the mainstay of Chinese social development. The modern society tending to technique and rational, powerful state political power, the growth of metropolitan cities and the occupation "de-gendering" are all showing us masculinity.However,the inborn biological properties of women, historical formation of the economic and political system and Chinese traditional theory of‘Yin and Yang’ stress female gender norms in the field of family related. The duality of masculinity and femininity leads the natural opposition between the work focusing on capability and competition and the family focusing on emotion and safety.Under the logic of market stressing qualification and competition, the conflict of work and family is becoming the most disturbing barrier in the process of the development of more and more intellectual women. It is not simply the conflict of time and workload, but the conflict of gender identity and ideology in the complicated social cultural background. The article studied the characteristic of the work-family conflict of the intellectual women through the method of case analysis to find the proper strategy solving or buffering the conflict and promote the work and family balance of the intellectual women group. Basing on the social gender view, the writer has interviewed 10 married metropolis intellectual women who are about 40 years old with under aged children. They are of capability, independence of thought, being or ever had successful career, market competitiveness. At the same time, they acknowledge marriage and family, value family development and children education, accept the traditional family responsibility as a woman. Finding: The deficiency of the social support makes the interviewees are very hard to give good balance to the work and family. The complicated social environment and the omission of social security lead to insecurity, especially to women. To them, the work is safety guarantee first, then the need of self-realization. The fierce market competition asks for more and more time and energy involvement in work. Impossibility of performance of family related responsibilities makes they feel strong sense of guilt. They are eager to be recognized by the social because of their higher education or higher capability to work in market. The family is too small to satisfy them. Facing the conflict, their value view determines their choice between the family benefit and self-realization. And also the life cycle period affects their periodical gender strategy choice. The article suggests they understand their value view when the intellectual women face the conflict of work and life, adjust their role expectation according to own lifecycle period, develop own capability engaging the social work positively. Moreover, the government should build up and improve social support system and social security mechanism to realize the real gender equality. Besides, the government should guild the sense of gender equality of the whole social through system and discourse.