地下水相对于地表水，有分布广、水质好、不易被污染、调蓄能力强、自净能力强、供水保证程度高等特点，是松花江流域城乡居民的重要供水水源。开展松花江沿岸地下水污染控制关键技术研究，对于保障城乡居民饮用水安全具有重要意义。环境信息系统是基于环境的一系列空间信息或属性信息，通过空间数据库、图形数据库或属性数据库的组织方式，引入数据库管理技术所形成的能实现数据录入与修改、查询与输出功能的一类信息管理系统。所以，建立一个基于GIS的地下水环境信息数据库，并开发相应的环境信息系统平台，是掌握松花江沿岸地下水水质、水量、补给关系等情况的有效手段。本文讨论了开发环境信息数据库和系统的原理和特点，选择文件结合关系数据库的数据管理方式，采用GIS开发中的集成二次开发设计并实现地下水环境信息数据库。研究过程包括数据库体系设计和系统体系设计，并最终将两部分整合。在属性数据库设计中，为减少数据库系统的异常，采用关系数据库设计中的关系模式规范化理论，充分考虑地下水信息数据的特点，设计出了符合BCNF的松花江沿岸地下水属性数据库。在环境信息系统的可视化表达中，本文采用Oracle为属性数据库管理系统软件，ArcGIS Engine为GIS开发组件，Visual Studio 2005为系统开发平台，设计并实现具有打开文件、查看视图、空间查询等GIS基本功能的地下水环境信息系统。并实现了污染指标查询和地下水水位、污染指标柱状专题图等功能。

Compared with surface water, groundwater has advantages in many aspects, such as distribution, water quality, anti-pollution ability, storage capacity, self cleaning capacity, reliability, etc. Groundwater is an important water source of residents along Songhua River. It is very necessary to take a comprehensive research on Songhua River to establish solutions of both pollution control and water supply. An environmental information system is composed by spatial information and attributive information, uses database management technology to input, modify, query and output information. Therefore, the groundwater along Songhua River can be managed and displayed by a customized environmental information system.This article discussed principles and characteristics in development of environment information database. Data are stored by files and relation database, and information system is created in an integrating development way. Database system and information system are finally integrated.The Relational Database Design Theory is introduced in the process of designing a redundancy less attribute database. The relation schema of database has been decomposed to BCNF.The visual information system is built based on Visual Studio 2005 and ArcGIS Engine, database is managed by Oracle. Functions such as open files, view maps, spatial query are realized in the information system. The system can analyze pollution indicators , query records which exceed water quality standard, and also be able to display ground water level by histograms or isoline maps.