反倾销摩擦始于20世纪初，作为世界贸易组织认可的少数贸易保护工具之一，反倾销的本意是维护公平竞争，保障贸易秩序。然而，事与愿违，在国际贸易日趋自由化、全球市场逐步统一的进程中，反倾销摩擦却此起彼伏，愈演愈烈。美国是世界上提起反倾销调查最多的国家之一，中国是世界上遭受反倾销指控最多的国家之一。中美反倾销贸易摩擦损害了彼此的贸易利益，也对全球贸易产生了不容忽视的负面影响。此文以比较优势理论和国家竞争优势理论为基础，从理论上论证反倾销是不符合经济学的自由贸易原则，重点阐述了比较优势理论和国家竞争优势理论的主要内容，关系及评价。现实中，美国对华发起反倾销的涉案金额超过了欧盟，是所有对华发起反倾销涉案金额最多的国家。由于美国反倾销诉讼具有不公正性和随意性等特点，使得美国对华提起的倾销案件更容易成立，这给我国商品出口带来了很大的负面影响，也给国内市场和引进外资带来不良影响。通过分析产生中美反倾销贸易摩擦的原因，笔者认为中美贸易不平衡是产生反倾销贸易摩擦的直接原因；国际产业转移是产生反倾销贸易摩擦的根本原因，特别是东亚地区的产业转移，中国承接了亚太地区对美国的贸易顺差；另外中国出口产品结构不合理，出口秩序混乱，缺乏有效的反倾销预警机制是导致反倾销贸易摩擦的自身原因；入世遗留问题——“非市场经济地位”问题，使中国成为反倾销措施的最大受害者，这成为反倾销贸易摩擦的重要原因。针对上述原因，文章在第三章分别列举了应采取的措施：调整我国商品结构、鼓励有条件的企业到美国投资、与美国协商建立贸易统计协调机制等，以改善中美贸易失衡状况；提高产业结构，有效承接国际产业转移，从而在根本上避免和减少反倾销贸易摩擦；企业自身应该提高产品质量，加强企业自律，完善反倾销应对机制，避免由于自身原因引起的反倾销诉讼；最后，针对“非市场经济地位”的问题，国家应给与高度重视，对外从谈判、维权、宣传三个方面做好工作；对内政府要继续坚定不移地加快国内体制改革。

Antidumping trade conflicts may be dated back to early 20th century. As one of a few trade protection measure recognized by WTO, the original meaning of antidumping is to maintain fair competition and protect trade order. In the course of liberalization of international trade and global market incorporative, however, antidumping trade conflicts have been ceaseless. On the one hand, America is the one of the nations that has put forward antidumping case most in quantity. On the other hand, China is one of the nations which has been charged by antidumping case. Sino-U.S. antidumping trade conflicts impair mutual trade interests and do bad to international trade. On the base of theory of comparative advantage and theory of competitive advantage of nations, the dissertation has demonstrated that antidumping isn’t compatible with principles of free trade. In the dissertation, the author mainly studies the content, relationship and review of the theories.In reality, the amount of money that involved in America charging China antidumping has exceeded the amount of EU. For unjust, elective U.S. antidumping trade conflicts, the case of antidumping that U.S. has put forward easily to be registered. This has done bad to our commodity export, even to home market and drawing foreign capitals. Sina-U.S. trade imbalance is the efficient amse. International industrial transference is the essential cause. The structure of Chinese export commodity isn’t reasonable, the export order is chaos and China lack effective early warning system, these are the self reasons of antidumping trade conflicts. Non-market economy country regime, which make China casualty in the case of antidumping measures, is the most important reason of antidumping trade conflicts. In allusion to above reasons of antidumping trade conflicts, the last chapter in this dissertation has put forward corresponding measures. In order to balance Sina-U.S. trade, we should adjust structure of commodities, encourage some enterprises to invest in America and establish Sino-U.S. trade cooperative mechanism. In order to reduce or avoid antidumping trade conflicts, we should advance industrial structure and effectively carry on international industrial transference. In order to avoid induced case of antidumping out of self reason, our enterprises should advance commodities quality, reinforce self-discipline and perfect reply mechanism of antidumping. In order to solve the problem of non-market economy country regime, our nation should fulfill diplomatic issues from negotiation, right maintenance to propagandizing. Our nation government should continue to reform system unalterably.