研究表明，个体若在童年时期遭遇某些负面的创伤性经历，这种经历所带来的影响很大可能会纵向延续到成年期，对个体终生产生长期的负面影响。而家庭作为个体成长发展的主要场域，与成人时期出现的各种生理和心理的健康问题都存在着显著相关的关系。在以往学者针对农村儿童的研究中，我们更多的局限在儿童学龄时期和留守时期的身心健康和生存情况，事实上，也应尝试从更长远的目光来看待对于这一部分群体在未来阶段，即成人期后的发展情况。对于这些孩子来说，他们在童年时期曾遭遇过什么样的不良家庭经历?那在成年早期的社会适应情况如何呢?童年时期不良的家庭经历会对成年早期的社会适应情况有影响吗?不良经历又能否能通过心理弹性对社会适应发挥作用?这些均是本研究想要探讨的问题。

综上所述，本研究对童年时期在农村成长生活但目前已进入社会工作的568名成年人进行调查，希望探讨童年不良家庭经历与成人早期社会适应之间的关系，并尝试分析心理弹性在这二者之间所起到的中介作用。最终得出以下结果:

第一，证实了童年不良家庭经历、心理弹性、成人早期社会适应三个变量都存在显著的人口学差异。具体结果如下：（1）越是经济条件差的家庭，个体出现功能失灵、虐待、忽视的比例越高。（2）心理弹性方面，则表现为个体的年龄越大，心理弹性也会越强；此外，个体的受教育程度越高，抗压力和力量感也越高；男性的乐观坚韧性和力量感都显著高于女性的。（3）社会适应方面，在童年时期曾有过留守经历的、家庭经济条件越好、受教育层次越高、年龄越大的个体，他在成人早期的社会适应能力也会越好。

第二，不良家庭经历的三个维度均能显著的负向预测成人早期的社会适应和心理弹性情况，如，在童年曾经历过忽视、虐待和家庭功能失灵的个体，其在成人早期的社会适应情况要显著低于没有这些经历的个体。童年有不良家庭经历的个体，其心理弹性状况也要显著低于没有不良家庭经历的个体。

第三，心理弹性能够在童年不良家庭经历与成人早期社会适应之间起部分中介作用，童年不良家庭经历能够通过心理弹性维度对成人早期社会适应产生影响。基于研究结果，我们在文末还提出了对应的提升成人早期社会适应能力、以及心理弹性的干预建议，以增加和丰富本文的学术价值。

Research has shown that problems and negative experiences in childhood can have long-term, longitudinal negative effects on the individual that continue into adulthood. Family, as the main field of individual growth and development, has significant correlation with various physical and mental health problems in adulthood. In the past researches on rural children, our researches are mostly limited to the living conditions in childhood and left-behind period. In fact, we should also try to view the development of this group after adulthood from a longer perspective. For these children, what negative family experiences did they have during their childhood? What about social adjustment in early adulthood? Do adverse family experiences in childhood influence social adjustment in early adulthood? How does resilience play into this? These are the questions to be discussed in this study.

The study was conducted among 568 adults who lived in rural areas during childhood and were now engaged in social work. This paper explores the relationship between adverse family experiences in childhood and social adjustment in adulthood, and attempts to analyze the mediating role of mental resilience between them. The main findings of this study are as follows:

First, there are significant demographic differences among adverse family experiences in childhood, psychological resilience, and social adjustment in early adulthood. The specific results are as follows :(1) The poorer the economic condition, the higher the proportion of functional failure, abuse and neglect. (2) In terms of mental resilience, the older the individual is, the stronger the resilience is. The higher the education level, the higher the stress resistance and the sense of strength; Men's optimism, resilience and sense of strength are significantly higher than women's (3) social adaptation. Individualswith left-behind experience, better family economy, higher level of education, and older age will have better social adaptation.

Second, all three dimensions of adverse family experiences were significantly negative predictors of social adjustment and psychological resilience in early adulthood. For example, individuals who experienced abuse, neglect and family dysfunction in childhood had significantly lower social adjustment in early adulthood than those who did not. The mental resilience of the individuals with adverse family experiences in childhood is significantly worse than that of the individuals without adverse family experiences.

Thirdly, psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role between adverse family experiences in childhood and social adjustment in early adulthood. Higher levels of mental resilience can alleviate the impact of adverse family experiences in childhood on social adjustment in early adulthood. Based on the research results, we also put forward corresponding intervention suggestions to improve the social adaptability and mental resilience of early adults.