儿童是国家的未来，民族的希望，确保儿童能够获得合理的医疗保健是全社会高度关注的重要问题。我国儿童人口数量大，就诊患者占总患者的五分之一，巨大的儿童就诊量意味着对儿童用药品的巨大需求。而与此相对应，我国儿童用药领域现状却不容乐观。目前，我国专业生产儿童用药品的企业少，儿童用药剂型少、规格少、品种匮乏，研发能力薄弱，尚不能很好地满足临床儿童用药的需求。 儿童临床药品使用也存在一定的安全隐患，药品说明书不规范，超说明书使用及不合理用药现象普遍。这些情况带来的直接影响就是我国儿童用药不良反应率高，儿科医生（药师）执业风险大。 针对上述问题，本文分析了造成这种情况的主要原因，并梳理总结了欧美等发达国家及世界卫生组织在儿童用药品方面的相关政策和有益举措。 最后，针对我国儿童用药现状提出如下政策建议： 加强宣传教育，减少儿童用药品不合理需求。通过医药卫生科普知识和用药知识宣传，提高全民科学用药、安全用药认知水平。 鼓励儿童用药品研发生产。通过制定儿童用药品定价机制、医保制度、招标采购、审评审批等多方面的倾斜政策，调动制药企业生产儿童用药品积极性。完善医院自制制剂政策。完善相关法规，规范儿童用药品临床试验，加强儿童药物临床试验基地及协作网建设。通过设立儿科专家委员会、建立优先目录等手段，提高临床试验和研发科学化水平。提高儿童临床合理用药水平。强化药品监管，完善说明书内容，提高儿童用药品安全性。制订发布《儿童基本药物目录》和《儿童处方集》，加强对临床医生业务培训。

Children are not only the future of a country, but also the hope of a nation. To ensure that children have access to affordable health care is a major concern of the whole society. There is a large population of children in China. And 1/5 of the patients are children, while the demand of drug for children is large. In contrast, the current situation of children's medication in China is not optimistic. Now children pharmaceutical companies are few in number. And there is short of medicine developed for children. The varieties, dosage forms, and specifications of the supply of drug for children are insufficiency. The research and development capability of drug for children is weak. It is hard to meet children drug treatment needs. There are some hidden dangers in clinical medication, such as the dispensations are insufficiency, off-label drug-use and irrationality drug-use are common. And the results of the situation are the high rate of ADRs and the high risks of the pediatricians (pharmacists). According to the problems mentioned above, this article analyzes the reasons and concludes the policies and good measures made by the USA, the EU and WHO in the field of drug for children. After all, provide policy suggestions to the current situation of children's medication in China. Enhance publicity and education of drug use in children to reduce unreasonable demands. According to the promotion of the information of health and medication, improve the level of public awareness of scientific and rational drug use in children. 2. Encourage producing of drug for children and promoting the research and development. According to the development the policies of drug pricing mechanism, the children's health insurance system, drug bidding system, and review and approval of drug for children, mobilize the enthusiasm of pharmaceutical companies to producing the drug for children. Improve the policy of the preparation made in hospital. Take further efforts to improve the legal policies, regulate the clinical trials of drug for children, and strengthen the construction of the network of the base of child clinical trials of drug. According to the establishment of pediatrician commission and development priority list, improve the level of clinical trials and the research and development of drug for children.3. Improve the level of rational drug use in children. Strengthen medication supervision, .improve the contents of dispensation, and improve the safety of drug for children. Develop and release the "Essential Medicines List for Children" and "Formulary of Essential Drug for Children", and strengthen the specialized training of pediatricians.