假释犯是指在监狱执行一定刑罚后被假释并接受社区矫正的罪犯。假释犯是社区矫正对象[1]的重要组成部分，随着行刑社会化理念的进一步增强、社区矫正运行机制的进一步完善，通过假释途径出狱和回归社会的服刑人员会越来越多；由于假释犯经历了长期的监禁，被假释后在生存状况和社会适应方面存在一定的特殊性。因此，加强对假释犯在社区矫正中回归社会情况的研究，有重要的价值和意义。本文在对假释犯进行调研、访谈的基础上，充分利用社会学、社会心理学、犯罪学和刑事执行法学等学科的理论和方法，深入分析了假释犯在社区矫正中的相关活动，研究了如何通过恰当开展对假释犯的社区矫正而促进其顺利回归社会的问题。

本文分为正文和结论两个部分，正文部分包括五章内容。

第一章是对本研究的概括介绍。本章首先对论文所涉及的概念、研究意义和研究现状进行了介绍，对本文使用的研究方法以及创新点进行了说明。其次是对假释制度和社区矫正制度的简要介绍，二者是本文写作的制度基础，假释制度是假释犯产生的依据，社区矫正制度是假释犯在社区执行刑罚的依据，二者之间是相互依赖的共生关系，因此，我国目前假释率极低的实践现状不利于社区矫正制度的发展和利用，也不利于刑罚执行的根本目的的实现。

第二章是对假释犯回归社会与社区矫正的基本问题的概括论述。本章论述了三个方面的问题，第一个方面是对假释犯回归社会的概念的阐释，论述了假释犯回归社会的含义和特点，并对假释犯回归社会的过程进行了梳理。第二个方面是对假释犯特征的阐述。假释犯在社会心理学层面和社会生活层面具有一定的独特性，在法律层面上亦不同于其他社区矫正对象。第三个方面是对影响假释犯回归社会因素的分析。假释犯从监狱回归社会并非单纯地从空间上走出监狱重返社会的过程，而是一个复杂的、艰难的心理回归的过程，在这个过程中，社会层面的就业、社会保险和群体偏见因素，家庭层面的家庭功能能否正常发挥，个人层面的生理和心理因素等，都对假释犯能否顺利回归社会有不可忽略的影响。

第三章是对假释犯在回归社会过程中的监督管理的论述。在假释犯回归社会的过程中，监督管理对假释犯既有可能发挥正面作用，也有可能产生负面作用，恰当的监督管理能够对假释犯的行为进行预测和控制，通过外力约束其顺应社会规则，从而有助于实现顺利回归社会的目标。监管规范形成的场域为假释犯构建了特殊的身份空间、行动空间和关系空间，在这些空间中，假释犯进行自我调适和重构，可能会产生不同的角色，成为主动配合监管规范的“适应者”、被动服从监管规范的“盲从者”或者象征性遵守监管规范的“表演者”。为了更有针对性地做好社区矫正中的监管工作，应当对假释犯回归社会过程中的再犯风险进行犯因性风险评估，它是控制假释犯社区矫正风险和进行分类管理的前置性措施。促进假释犯回归社会的恰当监管应当以分类和分级管理为方式，分类管理不能止步于以矫正对象类别为标准的划分，应当在该种分类的基础上实行区别对待并进行动态调整，优化目前监管规范中的惩罚措施和激励措施，以便更有效地促进假释犯回归社会。

第四章论述了假释犯回归社会过程中的教育矫正。教育矫正有助于通过消除假释犯的主观恶性，改变假释犯的内在素养而促使其回归社会；不过，“重监管、轻教育”的实践做法忽视了教育矫正的价值，应当在通过科学评估确定其教育需要的基础上，合理安排假释犯的教育矫正内容，从而实现通过教育提高假释犯个人素质的价值。采用教育矫正项目开展教育的方式，能够对教育内容进行科学、合理的划分，形成教育模块，向存在相应需要的假释犯提供具有针对性的教育项目，实现因人施教的教育要求。分类教育和分段教育是对假释犯进行教育矫正必需使用的方法，分类教育以假释犯个人历史情况为基础，分段教育以假释犯回归社会的心理和行为特征为基础，这些方法能够提高教育矫正的针对性和整体效果，从而促进假释犯顺利回归社会。

第五章论述了假释犯回归社会过程中的帮困扶助。假释犯要实现顺利回归社会的目标，单凭监督管理和教育是不够的，还要帮助他们恢复和重建完整的社会角色，只有这样，他们才能像正常人一样在社会中生活。首先，家庭是与假释犯关系最紧密的社会群体，利用家庭治疗和家庭社会工作的方法帮助假释犯及其家庭恢复亲密关系、提升发展能力、培养家庭复原力，有助于发挥其促进假释犯回归社会的功能。其次，由于假释犯与社会隔离已久，也缺乏满足基本生存条件的经济基础，如果没有家庭的帮助，他们踏出监狱后会立刻面临生存威胁，所以，对他们的物质帮助非常重要。物质帮助应当包括过渡时期和紧急情况下的临时帮助、与未来生活和发展紧密关联的就业帮助，以及社会保障待遇方面的帮扶。最后，精神健康是假释犯适应社会不可或缺的重要条件，应当通过对假释犯提供情感支持、进行心理辅导、减弱社会群体偏见等帮助实现这一目标。

结论部分是对全文的总结，简要归纳和阐述了本文论述的主要结论。

Parolees are criminals who have been paroled and received community corrections after certain criminal penalty has been executed in prison. Parolees are an important part in community corrections. With the further strengthening of the socialization concept of executions and the further improvement of the community corrections’ operation mechanism, an increasing number of prisoners will be released and return to society. Owing to the long-term imprisonment a parolee experienced, there are certain particularities in the living conditions and social adaptation after parole. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to strengthen the research on the return of parolees to society in community corrections. Based on the investigations and interviews of parolees, I have made full use of the theories and methods of sociology, social psychology, criminology, and criminal enforcement law to lucubrate the related activities of parolees during community corrections and how to promote their well-off return to society through appropriate community corrections.

This article is composed of the text and the summary, the text includes five chapters.

The first chapter is a general introduction to this study. In the first place，the related concepts are defined，the significance and current status of the researches on parolees returning to society are introduced, the research methods, as well as innovations of this article are explained. The next part is a brief introduction to the parole system and community correction system. The content of this chapter is the basic system for writing this article. The parole system is the basis for the generation of parolees, the community corrections system is the basis for the parolee to execute the penalty in the community, the two systems are symbiotic relationship. The current status of practice is not conducive to the development and utilization of the community correction system, nor is it conducive to the realization of the fundamental purpose of penalty execution.

The second chapter is a summary of the basic problems of community corrections for parolees. Three aspects of viewpoints in this chapter are discussed. The first issue is the interpretation of the concept of parolees’ returning to society, including the meaning and characteristics of returning to society and the process of returning parole to society. Furthermore, the characteristics of parole are demonstrated and that parolees are unique in terms of social psychology and anthropology are uncovered, and legally different from the other community corrections and emancipists. The third issue is the related factors that influences return to society of parolees are analyzed. The return of parolees to society from prison is not simply a process of going out of the prison and reintegrating into society, but a complex and difficult psychological return process. In this process, social-level employment, social insurance and group bias factors whether or not the family functions at the family level can function properly, and the physical and psychological factors at the individual level, all have a negligible impact on the parole's smooth return to society.

The third chapter is about the supervision and management of parolees in the process of returning to society. In the process of returning parole prisoners to society, supervision and management may play a positive role or have a negative impact on parolees. Proper supervision and management can predict and control the behavior of parolees and constrain them to comply with social rules through external forces, thereby helping to achieve the goal of smooth return to society. The field formed by the regulatory norms creates a special identity space, action space, and relationship space for parolees. In these spaces, the self-adjustment and reconstruction of parolees may have different roles, for example, proactively cooperate with regulatory norms “adapters”, “blind followers” who passively obey regulatory norms, or “performers”  who symbolically abide by regulatory norms. In order to do a better job in the supervision of community corrections, a causal risk assessment of parolees should be carried out. It is a prerequisite measure to control the community corrections risks of parolees and conduct classified management. The classification management of parolees should not stop at the classification based on the correction target category. Different classification and dynamic adjustment should be implemented on the basis of this classification to optimize the punishment and incentive measures in the current regulatory norms in order to more effectively promote dynamic classification management to parolees.

The fourth chapter discusses the education corrections during the return of parolees to society. Educational correction can help parolees to return society by eliminating their subjective malignancy and changing their intrinsic qualities. However, the practice of “emphasizing supervision and ignoring education” neglects the value of educational correction. On the basis of determining their educational needs through scientific assessment, the educational correction content of parolees shall be reasonably arranged so as to realize the educational value of improving the quality of parolees. Adopting education correction programs to parolees can help to scientifically and reasonably divide the content of education to form an education module, provide targeted education programs to parolees who have corresponding needs, and realize the education requirements of personal education. Classified education and segmented education are also necessary methods for the education and correction of parolees. The former is based on the personal history of parole offenders, and the latter is based on the psychological and behavioral characteristics of parole returning to society. These methods can improve the pertinence and overall effect of education correction.

The fifth chapter expounds the assistance to parolees in the process of returning to society. Supervision and education alone are not enough to achieve the goal of smooth return to society for parolees. Assisting them to restore and rebuild the full social roles is also essential. Only then can they live in society like a normal person. Firstly, because of being separated from the society for a long time and lack the economic foundation to meet basic living conditions, they will immediately face survival threats after stepping out of prison without assistance of their families. Thus, the material assistance to them is the most important. Material assistance includes temporary assistance in transitional and emergency situations, employment assistance that is closely linked to future life and development, and assistance in social security benefits. Secondly, mental health is an important condition for parolees to adapt to society, which is indispensable. This ought to be achieved by providing emotional support, psychological counseling, and social group prejudices controlling. Finally, family is the social group that has the closest relationship with parolees. Using family therapy and family social work to help parolees and their families restore intimate relationships, enhance development capabilities, and cultivate family resilience, will be beneficial to promoting the return of parolees to society.

The summary is briefly summarizing and elaborating the main conclusions discussed in this article.