《老残游记》为晚清小说家刘鹗的代表作，其被誉为中国20世纪初可能最接近于现代文学的作品。美国汉学家哈洛德·谢迪克（Harold Shadick）的英译本为第一部有详尽注释的全译本，在西方世界多次重印，影响广泛。

为了探究地名翻译对叙事空间重构、空间叙事功能表达的重要作用，以及地名译法在重构各类叙事空间和重现空间叙事功能方面的不同效果和特点，本文从叙事空间的视角出发，采用分类研究法，将《老残游记》中的叙事空间分为物质层面的“真实空间”和“虚拟空间”，以及精神层面的人物“心理空间”。本文结合个案研究和比较研究法，以各类空间中存在的地名为研究对象，揭示了谢迪克译本中地名采用的翻译方法，通过影响译名在文本语境中发挥不同的指称辨别、指称描述、历史文化意义的昭示或表情功能，进而使译名在参与重构各类叙事空间，以及促进重构空间的叙事功能表达时发挥不同的作用。如：注释法往往搭配音译或直译法使用，以实现地名译文的历史文化意义的昭示功能，从而为重构空间增添某种氛围或寓意，进而为后文的情节埋下伏笔。对于叙事空间的重构效果，谢迪克以多模态译法重构的“视觉化”真实空间，在读者感知效果上超越原作；第六回重构的“桃花山”空间，相对原文空间提前揭示了其虚拟性和政治象征含义，因而对故事情节的预示作用更为明显。除上述两处外，其他空间的重构效果和叙事功能的再现均与原文一致。对于不同类别叙事空间的重构特点，以虚拟空间为例，谢迪克重在通过地名翻译揭示虚拟空间的隐喻或象征意义，进而对真实的社会现状进行影射或评价，以及表达作者的思想和态度。

本文能够为文学文本中的地名翻译研究补充“叙事空间”分析视角，从地名翻译的角度丰富和扩展《老残游记》的英译研究成果，同时为译者从叙事空间重构的角度开展文学文本中的地名翻译实践、选择合适的地名译法提供有益参考和指导。

The Travels of Lao Ts’an (The Travels) is a representative work of Liu E, a novelist in the late Qing Dynasty. It is praised as the most likely approximation of modern literature in early 20th century in China. The English version by Harold Shadick, an American sinologist, is the first full translation with informative annotation, reprinted many times in the western world, and has a wide impact.

In order to explore the important role of geographical name translation in reconstructing narrative space and promoting the space’s narrative function performance, and investigate the effect and characteristics of the translation on the reconstruction of various narrative spaces and the reproduction of narrative functions of spaces, this study adopts the perspective of narrative space, and classifies the narrative space in The Travels into “real space” and “virtual space” in the physical level, and “psychological space” in the mental level. Combining case study and comparative study, this study takes geographical names in narrative spaces as the study object, and reveals that the translation methods of geographical names adopted by Shadick can influence the reconstruction of narrative spaces and promote the spaces’ narrative function performance in different ways, by affecting reference discrimination, reference description, historical and cultural meaning presentation, and expressive functions played by translated names in the textual context. For example, annotation is used frequently together with transliteration or literal translation, which can carry out the historical and cultural meaning presentation function of geographical names, thus supporting the creation of a specific atmosphere or assignment of some allegorical meaning to the reconstructed space, and foreshadowing the plot in the following text. For the reconstruction effect of narrative spaces, the “visualized” real space reconstructed by multimodal translation surpasses the one in the original text in terms of reader perception. Compared to the space in the original text, the space of “Peach Blossom Mountain” reconstructed in the Chapter 6 reveals its virtual and political symbolic meaning in advance, and thus has a more obvious foreshadowing effect on the storyline. Except for these two spaces, the other ones in which the geographical name translation participates in the reconstruction are consistent with the original text in terms of effect and narrative function. Regarding the reconstruction characteristics of different types of narrative space, taking virtual space as an example, Shadick attaches importance to uncovering the metaphorical or symbolic meaning of the space via the translation of geographic names, and then insinuating or evaluating the real social situation, as well as expressing the author’s thoughts and attitudes.

This study expands the study perspective of geographical name translation in literary works from a perspective of “narrative space”, enriches the research results of English translation of The Travels of Lao Ts’an from the viewpoint of geographical name translation, and is hoped to provide useful reference and guidance for translators to carry out the practice of geographical name translation in literary works and select appropriate translation methods from the perspective of narrative space reconstruction.