普兰查斯的理论在20世纪战后的西方马克思主义哲学与政治理论中富有重要影响力且独具特色，权力思想作为其理论的核心，与国家理论、阶级理论、意识形态理论等相辅相成、融为一体，构成其结构主义的马克思主义不可或缺的部分。他创造性地运用了多元决定论、接合、结构与实践作为哲学方法，内嵌于马克思主义政治理论的研究与分析中，并对资本主义国家的经济基础与上层建筑等经典马克思主义的核心问题进行了发展与延伸，同时他在权力思想中建立起政治的支配性，为西方马克思主义向后马克思主义的政治转向起到了承接的作用。本文以普兰查斯的权力思想为探讨与述评的对象，围绕权力与国家、权力与阶级、权力与意识形态对其权力思想进行结构性阐释，除导论与结语外，全文主体一共分为五个部分。 第一章阐述普兰查斯的思想缘起与哲学方法。他以马克思恩格斯的后期著作以及列宁的政治理论等经典马克思主义理论为思想根基，以法国哲学、意大利政治以及欧陆法等理论思潮为思想背景，历经了存在主义、存在主义马克思主义到结构主义马克思主义的变化与转折，最终吸收其老师阿尔都塞结构主义中的多元决定论，汲取葛兰西霸权理论中的接合概念用于分析当代资本主义国家中的权力问题，并结合结构—实践的辩证批判作为其理论的哲学方法。 第二章以权力与国家作为探究普兰查斯权力思想的结构性主题，论述资本主义国家相对自主性与权力统一的关系。首先追溯国家相对自主性范畴的来源即历史唯物主义的国家观，从中揭示出国家的阶级性与国家的相对独立性并非完全对立的关系，其次阐发普兰查斯如何在国家独立性的经典论述基础上改造成为普遍意义上的相对自主性概念，然后进一步阐释资本主义国家中权力统一即制度化权力与相对自主的关系，并从权力集团和霸主阶级两个层面上展开具体分析。最后，从权力与国家及阶级斗争领域的关系角度阐释普兰查斯对资本主义国家类型的划分及国家形式的考察，结合国家结构内部形式的转变和阶级斗争具体形势展开其对正常国家与例外国家的分析。 第三章侧重权力与阶级问题的探讨。普兰查斯对当代资本主义国家的阶级分析运用了多元决定论，在对历史主义与经济主义阶级概念批判后，从经济、政治与意识形态环节对资本主义国家的社会阶级进行了重新定义。同时，他分析了资产阶级内部矛盾，垄断资本与非垄断资本同权力集团的关系，提出在资本主义条件下，国家是阶级力量对比与矛盾的浓缩以及阶级斗争的战略性场所的观点。普兰查斯对小资产阶级的分析对欧洲的社会主义革命战略具有重要影响，他在经济上采取了以生产劳动与非生产劳动区分了新小资产阶级与工人阶级，在政治与意识形态上以分工作为小资产阶级的划定标准。 第四章剖析权力与意识形态的关系。普兰查斯的霸权概念继承了葛兰西的霸权理论，在对其历史循环论要素进行批判的同时进一步将霸权从意识形态扩展到政治领域以突出资本主义国家的政治功能，他还对阿尔都塞的意识形态国家机器进行了改造，从生产关系的再生产角度强调意识形态斗争在经济领域的重要性。通过解析知识与权力、资本主义个体化、以及法律等资本主义特征，普兰查斯旨在表明资本主义以一系列制度化架构发挥客观的意识形态作用。在政治道路上，他反对代议制民主与双重权力，主张直接民主与代议民主的人民同盟政治策略。 第五章着重关注普兰查斯权力思想所带来的理论效应。其中包括他与米尔斯展开的关于权力精英与统治阶级范畴的使用，与后结构主义者福柯进行的微观权力与宏观权力辩驳，以及与米利班德关于新工具主义还是结构主义国家理论的争论，充分阐述了普兰查斯权力思想在70年代后期所带来的国际性影响。 结语综括全文，结合后马克思主义与马克思主义的视角，将普兰查斯的权力思想置于马克思主义哲学与理论的总体性之中加以审视，评价其对马克思主义与后马克思主义的贡献与面临的挑战。

The theory of Nicos Poulantzas was very influential and unique in the Western Marx's philosophy and political theory in the postwar twentieth Century. As the core of his theory, the thought of power was complementary to the state theory, class theory and ideology theory, which constituted the indispensable part of the Structuralist Marxism. He creatively used the theory of overdetermination, articulation and structure--practice as the philosophical method, built in the research and analysis of Marx's political theory, and extended the core issues of the classic Marxism, such as the relation between economic basis and superstructure of the capitalist countries, and he established the political dominance in the power thought and played a vital role in the political transition from Western Marxism to Post Marxism. The dissertation takes Poulantzas thought of power as the object of discussion and review, and makes a structural interpretation of power and state, power and class, power and ideology. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter expounds the origin of Poulantzas thought and philosophical approaches. His theory was based on the classical Marxism theory such as the late works of Marx and Engels, Lenin's political theory. He also had the study background of French philosophy, Italy politics and the European law. In addition, he experienced the turning from Existentialism, Existentialist Marxism to Structuralist Marxism. Finally, He absorbed the overdetermination from his teacher Althusser’s structuralism, the articulation concept from Gramsci hegemony theory to analyze the power problem in the contemporary capitalist countries, and combined the dialectical criticism of structure and practice as the philosophical method of his theory. The second chapter takes power and the state as the structural theme of exploring the power of Poulantzas, and discusses the relations between the relative autonomy of the capitalist countries and the unity of power. First, it traces the origin of relative autonomy of the state, which is the state view of historical materialism. it reveals that the state's class nature is not completely opposed to the relative independence of the state. Second, it elucidates how it was transformed into a general concept of relative autonomy on the basis of the classical exposition of state independence. Then, we further explain the relation between the unified power and the relative autonomy in the capitalist countries, and carry out a specific analysis from the two levels of the power group and the hegemonic class. Finally, from the angle of relation between power and the field of state and class struggle, it explains the division of the capitalist countries and the state form, and combines the transformation of the internal structure of the state structure and the concrete situation of the class struggle to analyze the normal and exceptional states. The third chapter focuses on the power and class issues. Poulantzas used the overdetermination to analyze the class of contemporary capitalist states. After criticizing the class concepts of historicism and economism, he redefined the social class of capitalist states from the economic, political and ideological stages. At the same time, he analyzed the internal contradictions of the bourgeoisie, the relations between monopoly capital and non-monopoly capital and power groups, and put forward the view that under the conditions of capitalism, the state was the concentration of class power and the concentration of contradictions and the strategic place of class struggle. His analysis of the petty bourgeoisie had an important influence on the socialist revolutionary strategy of Europe. In the economy, he adopted the distinction between the new petty bourgeoisie and the working class by productive labor and non-productive labor. In politics and ideology, he took the division of labor as the demarcation standard of petty bourgeoisie. The fourth chapter analyzes the relation between power and ideology. The concept Hegemony of Poulantzas inherited Gramsci's hegemony theory, and criticized the elements of his historical cycle theory and extended hegemony from ideology to the political field to highlight the political function of capitalist states. He also deepened Althusser ideas about the ideological state machine, which had been transformed to emphasize the importance of ideological struggle in the economic field from the perspective of the reproduction of production relations. By analyzing capitalist characteristics such as knowledge and power, capitalist individualization, and law, Poulantzas aimed to show that capitalism exerts an objective ideological role through a series of institutionalized structures. On the political way to Socialism, he opposed the representative democracy and dual power and advocated the political tactics of the People's Alliance of direct democracy and representative democracy. The fifth chapter focuses on the theory effects brought by Poulantzas power thought. It includes his debate about the “power elite” and “ruling class” with Wright Mills, the refutation of the “micro power” and “macro power” with the post structuralist Michel Foucault, and the argument with Miliband on the new instrumentalism or the theory of the structuralism. The controversies fully proved that Poulantzas power thought had a vital international impact in the late 1970s. The epilogue summarizes the full text, combines post-Marxist and Marxist perspectives, reviews the power of Poulantzas in the totality of Marxist philosophy and theory, evaluates his contribution to Marxism and post-Marxism and the challenges in the future.