本文考察永乐到正统明代政治的变迁，而以仁宣时期为中心。文章着眼于此期的政局变动、用人标准的变化。仁宣时期，臣僚中存在着新旧的差别，他们之间有治国理念的差异，也有利益纠葛。不过由于明初的政治环境，没有出现表面的政争。“正君”和“识大体”成为此期对朝臣的两个集中要求，这与当时的朝政走向有关。关于这两点，君臣之间有共识也有矛盾。对于前者，君主多以敷衍态度对之；而后者，本文通过相关言论的分析，认为包括士大夫立场、慎刑和“学术”等项标准。这些标准在当时的人事安排上颇能体现，表现出君臣之间的一致。杨士奇的荐士有重德行而不甚重才能的倾向，能够符合这时的政治要求。加之他在“正君”和“识大体”方面上的表现，尽管杨氏在职位上并不突出，却终于被认为是此期的文臣领袖，甚至是“本朝巨擘”。

This paper examines the political changes from Yongle to Zhengtong in Ming Dynasty, and it concentrates on the Hongxi and Xuande reign(1424——1435).The article focuses on the change of the political situation and employment standards in this period. In this period, there were differences between the news and olds in all ministers. Their differences included not only interests but also political ideas.“Removing the dirt of the emperor’s heart”and “thinking in general” were two centralized requirements to ministers. Because they reflected the trend of political. About the two questions, there were both similarities and contradictions. Between a man’s morality and administrative skills, Yang Shiqi paid more attention to the former. It met the demands of politics, together with his other performances, made him the chief sholar-offical, although his position wasn’t the most prominent.