改革开放以来，中国乡村获得巨大发展，但城乡差距扩大、“空心村”现象普遍、“三农”问题持续，乡村发展仍然是中国实现全面小康最大的短板。尤其欠发达地区乡村，发展基础薄弱，在我国工业发展转型升级的宏观背景和生态环境保护的约束下，探索新的发展路径的需求更为迫切。近年来兴起的基于互联网的共享经济模式，为探索乡村发展新路径提供了启示，在乡村资源的拓展利用、乡村利益相关者之间的合作、以及合作治理方式等方面都有很好的借鉴作用。当我们转换发展的思路，重新审视和定义乡村，会发现这些在工业时代缺乏资源和机遇的欠发达地区乡村，拥有着丰富的生态环境与乡土文化资源。只是我们需要转变乡村发展的范式，构建适应于乡村的利益相关者合作机制，探索发现并有效利用乡村资源，以实现新时代下的乡村发展目标。本文通过分析乡村发展中资源有效利用范围扩展与多元主体的协同治理结构，构建了乡村发展的共享经济模式，试图为欠发达地区的乡村实现发展范式转型和弯道超车提供可落地的实施方案。 本文以中国欠发达地区的乡村作为研究对象，以乡村资源有效利用为切入点，提出要转型乡村发展范式，探索实现乡村全面振兴的共享经济模式。通过对国内外乡村发展的实践经验与理论研究进行分析和总结，反思了工业化、城市化下的乡村发展范式，探究了乡村发展新范式的内涵，并重新定义了乡村，认为乡村是具有独特存在价值的地理空间，而乡村发展是要实现以人为中心的生产-生活-生态的融合和乡村经济-社会-环境的协调发展。为了实现乡村发展新范式的转型目标，本文借鉴了互联网共享经济有效利用剩余资源的合作模式，从乡村资源的有效利用入手，发掘出乡村资源中的共享资源特性，依据制度经济学、公共资源治理、博弈等理论，运用案例分析、博弈分析、利益相关者分析、实证研究等方法，探讨了共享经济模式之于乡村发展的适应性。重点从乡村资源有效利用范围的扩展和协同治理机制的形成两个方面，构建了乡村发展的共享经济模式，并进一步阐释了这一模式内含的合作秩序扩展机制。最后，通过绿色发展示范区的乡村发展实践，验证了乡村发展共享经济模式的可行性，剖析了乡村多元利益主体通过合作博弈对共享资源有效利用的过程，揭示了乡村借以发展的内生合作秩序的扩展机制，提出了欠发达地区乡村振兴的共享经济模式。 通过研究，本文得出了如下3点结论： 第一，在乡村发展范式转型下重新定义乡村。我国乡村发展已进入了新的阶段，进一步实现乡村全面振兴需要实现经济、社会、生态环境可持续发展的多重目标。通过对过去工业化、城市化的乡村发展模式的反思，认为乡村已转变为拥有独立发展价值的地理空间。乡村发展也应从城市化、工业化为代表的发展范式转型为以人为本的乡村生产-生活-生态“三生情境”融合模式。 第二，共享经济模式可以实现对乡村资源的拓展和有效利用。共享经济模式体现了资源利用范围的扩展，将工业化视角下的要素利用转变为对资源服务价值的挖掘，从而扩展可利用的资源范围。借鉴共享经济模式，可以有效利用乡村内本就存在的宝贵资源，并获得外部可利用的资源。我们发掘出乡村资源与共享经济相通的资源共享特性，探讨了乡村村民的相互交往模式与共享经济运作的契合性，阐释了乡村中人与人合作共享的获益模式和信誉体系的形成问题。如此也就克服了乡村资源共享特性造成的资源利用难题，从自然资源到无形的文化资源，极大扩展了乡村发展可利用资源的范围，提升了乡村利用资源的能力，从而推动乡村的发展。 第三，共享经济模式可以提供利益相关者间的协同治理结构。乡村发展面临着合作问题，即不同参与主体之间的利益冲突，影响了乡村发展目标的实现。共享经济模式中具有新特点的合作组织形成及其发展中的治理结构调整，对乡村发展新范式下的资源利用组织方式有现实的借鉴作用。首先是识别资源合作利用的利益相关者，通过利益相关者类型分析，明确政府、村民、外部商业组织在乡村发展目标实现过程中的核心地位。其次是揭示利益相关者间的关系，通过利益相关者博弈关系分析，从个体行为决策的角度探讨影响个体合作的影响因素，构建起乡村资源利用中的多元主体互动模式。再次探讨形成合作的可扩展协同治理结构。基于制度经济学和行为经济学理论、以及博弈论的分析，构建起包含合作驱动、合作制度和合作保证机制三方面内容的乡村协同治理结构，提出了协同治理结构构建的原则。最后，结合哈耶克合作秩序扩展理论，认为乡村合作秩序扩展赋予了乡村自主发展的能力，符合乡村新发展范式的要求。 本研究的创新体现在研究视角和研究内容两个方面。一是提出了乡村发展的新范式。跳出过去发展模式，重新定义了乡村，提出乡村发展的目标是实现以人为中心的“三生情境”融合和经济社会生态环境的协调综合发展。二是将共享经济模式应用于乡村振兴，提出了乡村发展的新思路、新模式、新途径。通过最后通过国务院发展研究中心绿色发展示范区项目的实践，对乡村发展中的资源利用范围扩展及协同治理结构的构建进行了验证，证明基于互联网的新兴的共享经济模式对乡村发展具有很强的适应性。

Since the Reform and Opening-up, China's rural areas have achieved tremendous development. However, the gap between urban and rural areas has widened, the phenomenon of “hollow villages” has been widespread, and the problems of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” have continued. Rural development is still the biggest shortcoming for China to build a comprehensive well-off society, especially for the rural areas in less developed regions, whose development foundation are weak. Under the constraints of the macro-environment of industrial transformation and ecological environment protection, it is more urgent to explore new development paths for the rural areas. The Internet-based sharing economy model that has emerged in recent years has provided a good inspiration for exploring new paths for rural development. It has good application in the development and utilization of rural resources, cooperation among different stakeholders, and providing a structure for establishing cooperative governance. When we change the way of thinking the meaning of the development, re-define the countryside, we will find that these underdeveloped rural areas that lacking resources and opportunities in the industrial age have rich ecological and local cultural resources. We need to transform the paradigm of rural development, build a stakeholder cooperation mechanism that adapts to the countryside, explore and effectively use rural resources to achieve rural development goals in the new era. By analyzing the expansion of the effective use of resources in rural development and the collaborative governance structure of multi-stakeholders, this dissertation constructs a sharing economy model of rural development, and attempts to provide a feasible implementation plan for rural development and paradigm overtaking in underdeveloped areas. This dissertation takes the rural areas in China's less developed areas as the research object, takes the effective use of rural resources as the starting point, proposes to transform the rural development paradigm, and explores the sharing economy model that realizes the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas. Through the analysis and summarization of the practical experience and theoretical research of rural development at home and abroad, the rural development paradigm under industrialization and urbanization is reflected, the connotation of the new paradigm of rural development is explored, and the village is re-defined and considered as a geographical space of unique value. The future of the rural development is to achieve a human-centered, production-living-ecological integration and rural economic-society-environment coordinated development. In order to realize the transformation goal of the new paradigm of rural development, this dissertation draws on the cooperation mode of the Internet sharing economy to effectively use the surplus resources. Starting from the effective use of rural resources, the characteristics of sharing resources in rural resources are explored. According to institutional economics theories, governance of commons, game theory, and through case study, game analysis, stakeholder analysis, empirical research, etc., establishes the adaptability of the sharing economy model to support new rural development aims. Focusing on the expansion of the effective using of rural resources and the formation of collaborative governance mechanisms, the sharing economy model of rural development has been constructed. What’s more, the expansion mechanism of cooperative order contained in this model was further explained. Finally, through the practice of rural development in the green development pilot projects, the feasibility of the rural development sharing economy model is verified, the process of the rural multi-interests' effective use of shared resources through games is analyzed, and the endogenous cooperation order developed by the village is revealed. The above contents are combined the sharing economy model for rural revitalization in less-developed regions of China. Through research, this dissertation draws the following three conclusions: Firstly, redefine the countryside under the transformation of the rural development paradigm. China's rural development has entered a new era and further realization of the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas requires the multiple goals of sustainable economic, social and ecological development. Through the reflection of the industrialized and urbanized rural development paths in the past, the village has been transformed into a geographical space with independent development value. The rural development paradigm should change from the urban-rural dual development mode to the people-oriented rural production, living and ecology integration model. Secondly, the rural sharing economy model can achieve the expansion and effective use of rural resources. The sharing economy model reflects the expansion of the scope of resource utilization, transforming the utilization of factors from the perspective of industrialization into the mining of resource use values, thereby expanding the range of resources available. Drawing on the sharing economy model, we can effectively use the valuable resources that exist in the countryside and obtain externally available resources. The sharing characteristics of rural resources and shared economy, explored the rural villagers' interaction and sharing economy operation mode, and explained the formation of the pattern of cooperation between people in the countryside and their reputation system. This also overcomes the resource utilization problems such as the externalities of rural public resources. From natural resources to intangible cultural resources, it greatly expands the range of resources available for rural development and enhances the ability of using resources to promote rural development. Thirdly, the rural sharing economy model can provide a collaborative governance structure among stakeholders. The issue of cooperation is a main problem in rural development. The conflicts of interests between different participants hindering the realization of new rural development goals. The formation of cooperative organizations with new characteristics in the sharing economy model and the adjustment of governance structure in its development have a realistic reference for the resource utilization organization under the new paradigm of rural development. The first step is to identify the different stakeholders and identify the stakeholder types. The central stakeholders are composed of the government, villagers and external business organizations in the process of realizing rural development goals. Secondly, it reveals the relationship among different stakeholders. Through the game analysis of core stakeholders, clarifying the conflicts of interests between them in different activities of rural development. Different stakeholders need to cooperate with each other to overcome conflicts of interests. Based on the theory of mental model, the influencing factors affecting individual decision-making of cooperation behaviors are discussed. From the behavioral decisions of individuals to the formation of cooperative groups, the dissertation constructs a rural collaborative governance structure that includes cooperative drive, cooperation rules, cooperation guarantee mechanisms, and the principles of building a collaborative governance structure. Finally, combined with Hayek's theory of the extended order of human cooperation. It is believed that the expansion of the rural cooperative order gives the village the ability to develop independently and meets the requirements of the new rural development paradigm. The innovation of this research is reflected in two aspects, the research perspective and the content. The first one is to propose a new paradigm for rural development. Jumping out of the past development path, redefining the countryside and the goal of rural development to achieve a human-centered “production, living and ecology” integration and coordinated development of the economic and social ecological environment. The second is to apply the sharing economy model for the rural revitalization, and propose new ideas, new model and new approaches for rural development. Through the construction and effectiveness of the practice of the Green Development Pilot Project of the Development Research Center of the State Council, the expansion and effective use of rural resources and construction of this collaborative governance structure was verified.