随着工业化进程的加快，环境污染越来越严重，我国大气环境令人担忧，每年冬季北方很多城市经常被雾霾笼罩，特别是华北地区更是雾霾频发。首都北京作为政治、文化、国际交流中心，也经常被雾霾锁城，成为北京乃至全国人民的痛点。为此，无论是在国家还是北京都连续加大治理力度，出台了多项政策措施，取得了明显成效。但是，一方面，除去天气因素和非常规措施，常态化的大气治理效果依然不容乐观；另一方面，过多采取强制性行政手段和严厉惩罚的措施，对经济运行和人民群众的生产生活带来诸多不利影响，引起不少人心怀不满，政策成本过高。如何更好地推进首都北京的大气治理，同时又妥善统筹协调好政策目标与政策成本的矛盾，成为摆在人们面前现实而紧迫的问题。

本文立足环境政策工具的视角，依据政府对公共事务的介入程度，将大气治理政策工具划分为控制型政策工具、市场型政策工具、自愿型政策工具三种，通过运用文献研究法、比较研究法、文本数据分析法、案例分析法等，对北京市大气治理基本状况、政策工具选择使用情况进行研究。研究发现，近年来北京不断加大政策制定实施力度，大气治理取得巨大成效，大气环境质量明显提升。但大气治理形势任务依然严峻艰巨，环境政策工具仍然存在一定的问题不足和优化空间，实施效果还有待进一步改进。本文依据政策执行的多影响因素理论，逐项分析了控制型、市场型、自愿型政策工具和各类政策工具优化整合存在问题各方面因素。基于 GRA 模型、以量化手段，对北京市大气治理各类政策工具的实际效果进行评价分析。

最后，本文结合国内外经验做法，提出北京市大气治理各类政策工具的优化对策和整合组合的对策措施。通过这些对策建议，以期对北京市大气治理的环境政策工具选择提供参考借鉴，进而对我国大气治理治理提供思路建议。

With the acceleration of industrialization, the environmental pollution is more and more serious. The air environment of our country is worrying. Every winter, many cities in North China are often covered by haze, especially in North China. As a political, cultural and international exchange center, the capital of Beijing is often blocked by haze, which has become a pain point for Beijing and even the whole country. To this end, both in the country and Beijing have continuously increased governance efforts, issued a number of policy measures, and achieved remarkable results. However, on the one hand, in addition to weather factors and unconventional measures, the effect of normalized atmospheric control is still not optimistic; on the other hand, too many measures of compulsory administrative measures and severe punishment have brought many adverse effects on economic operation and people's production and life, causing many people's dissatisfaction and high policy cost. How to better promote the air governance in Beijing, and at the same time coordinate the contradiction between policy objectives and policy costs, has become a realistic and urgent problem.

Based on the perspective of environmental policy tools and the government's involvement in public affairs, the author divides the air governance policy tools into three types: regulatory policy tools, market policy tools and voluntary policy tools. By using literature research, comparative research, text data analysis and case analysis, the author selects the basic situation and policy tools of air governance in Beijing Select the use of research. It is found that in recent years, Beijing has continuously strengthened the policy-making and implementation, achieved great results in atmospheric control, and significantly improved the quality of atmospheric environment. However, the task of air governance is still grim and arduous, there are still some problems and optimization space in environmental policy tools, and the implementation effect needs to be further improved. Based on the theory of multiple influencing factors in policy implementation, the author analyzes the existing problems in the optimization and integration of control type, market type, voluntary type and all kinds of policy tools one by one. Based on the GRA model and quantitative method, this paper evaluates and analyzes the actual effect of various policy instruments of air governance in Beijing.

Finally, the author combines the domestic and foreign experience and practices, and puts forward the optimization measures and integration measures of various policy instruments of air governance in Beijing. Through these countermeasures and suggestions, we hope to provide reference for the choice of environmental policy tools of air governance in Beijing, and then provide ideas and suggestions for air governance in China.