随着全球化的不断加速与全球贸易的不断深入，用户界面设计师（UI设计师）面临着如何将自身服务与产品全球化和跨地区本地化的问题，而他们往往缺乏有效的知识与经验来帮助他们理解目标用户的偏好。作为贸易往来日益密切的两个国家，中国和日本在文化交流与跨境电商等方面的合作发展在未来将继续有很大空间；然而尽管地缘文化接近，我们也能在日常生活中感受到，中日两国主流群体在具体审美方面仍存在微妙与区别之处。本研究旨在通过实证研究来探求中国与日本用户之间对网页界面美学的感知差异，并为设计师的具体设计、界面美学定量建模方面寻求空间。

本文首先通过文献调研了为理解界面美学，目前学界所关注的定性与定量手段。随后，研究一通过对60名中日青年用户进行审美感知实验来测试其美学感知，对比其对于网页审美第一印象与持久印象之间的差异。研究一部分验证了过去研究的50ms能是人们审美感知的时间阈限，同时发现在50ms和500ms条件下，中国被试的第一印象评分显著高于日本被试的评分；而当感知时间延长到5000ms的持久印象时，日本被试会为界面设计设计给出更高的评分。研究二在研究一的感知印象基础上，从美学度量角度进行研究，将研究一所收集的主观评分与14个计算美学度量指标进行比对，其中边缘密度（Edge density）、颜色数量（Number of colors）等8个度量指标与用户主观评估呈现正相关关系，边缘拥挤（Edge congestion）等4个度量指标呈现负相关，而主体-背景对比度（Figure-ground contrast）和JPEG格式大小（JPEG size）在研究结果中呈现出不相关；而关于中日用户在视觉复杂度方面的差异，作为其经典子指标，四叉树分解平衡（Quadtree balance）、四叉树分解均衡性（Quadtree equilibrium）、四叉树叶子节点数（Quadtree nodes）等三个度量维度上均表现为相关性更高。最后，研究三通过对4名中国用户和4名日本用户进行主观访谈，了解其对于不同网页的审美感受以及审美影响因素。研究三发现中日用户对于中日配对网页的审美影响因素主要集中在用户习惯、中日文化差异、设备环境等三个方面。而且中日用户在对于网页进行主观评价时的评价维度主要集中在网页布局、信息检索、色彩搭配等三个层次。

本文从美学印象感知、美学度量、用户主观访谈定性分析三个角度分别比较中日用户的差异，最后得出结果相比于中国被试，日本被试往往需要更长的印象时间来给出稳定的审美评分，而中国被试由于其第一印象与持久印象的审美感知相对一致，可以得出其生成美学判断的时间阈值为50ms，但是日本被试的感知阈值无法确定，需要更多的补充研究。在对比美学度量时发现，中日用户在对视觉复杂度的感知上，日本被试的相关性往往更高，而对设计师来说，在主体-背景对比度和文件大小方面的优化不能成为明显的美学判断依据，需要配合更多高相关性的度量维度进行决策。在用户主观访谈上，获得了两国审美共同的影响因素用户习惯、中日文化差异、设备环境，设计师们在进行中日跨文化设计时可以参考这些方面。

With the continuous acceleration of world globalization and the continuous deepening of global trade, user interface designers are faced with the problem of designing globalized websites and product localization. They often lack effective tools to help them understand target users preferences. This research aims to explore the differences in perception of interface aesthetics between Chinese and Japanese users through empirical studies, and seek space for the computational modeling of interface aesthetics.

In this paper, we first understand the measurement methods and research paradigms of computational aesthetics through literature research, and then explore the differences of aesthetic perception between China and Japan by conducting aesthetic perception experiments on 60 Chinese and Japanese users. Study 1 verifies the time threshold of people's aesthetic perception in 50ms in the past, and also finds that under the conditions of 50ms and 500ms. The score of Chinese subjects was significantly higher than that of Japanese subjects. However, the Japanese subjects did not have a high evaluation of the web page under the conditions of 50ms and 500ms, but when they began to get familiar with the web page, for example, when the perception time extended to 5000ms, they would become more generous to evaluate the design and give a higher score. Then study 2 compares the subjective scores collected in study one with 14 aesthetic metrics. Among them, 8 metrics such as edge density and number of colors show a positive correlation with the subjective evaluation of users. Edge congestion and other 4 metrics show negative correlation, while the Figure-ground contrast and JPEG size are not significantly different in the research results. Finally, Study 3 conducted subjective interviews with 8 Chinese and Japanese users to understand their aesthetic feelings on different web pages and their aesthetic influencing factors. The results found that the aesthetic factors affecting Chinese and Japanese matching webpages mainly focus on user habits, cultural differences between China and Japan, and device environment. Moreover, there is little difference in subjective evaluation of web pages by Chinese and Japanese users, mainly from the three levels of web page layout, information retrieval, and color matching.

We compare the differences between China and Japan from the perspectives of perception time, quantitative analysis of aesthetic measurement and qualitative analysis of user subjective interview. Finally, we find that compared with Chinese subjects, Japanese subjects often need longer perception time to give higher aesthetic scores. When comparing the aesthetic measures, it is found that Chinese and Japanese users tend to have higher correlation in quadtree decomposition balance, quadtree decomposition balance, quadtree decomposition symmetry and quadtree decomposition leaf node number. These dimensions need to be considered when building aesthetic models for users of different nationalities. In the user subjective interview, we get the common influencing factors of the two countries' aesthetic, such as user habits, cultural differences between China and Japan, and equipment environment. Designers can refer to these aspects when carrying out cross-cultural design.