健康，是人民最具普遍意义的美好生活需要。在“健康中国”战略背景下，深化医药卫生体制改革、全面建立优质高效的医疗卫生服务体系，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央对医疗卫生系统提出的重大要求。 近年来，能够提供高水平和高质量的医疗卫生服务的现代化医院，都在纷纷设立医务社会工作部或社会服务部。医务社会工作制度已经成为现代医院管理制度的基本内容之一。但在实际的嵌入发展过程中，作为嵌入主体的医务社工部面临着各种各样的挑战。能否正确应对这些挑战，关系到医务社工部是否能在医院这个嵌入客体中发挥出真正的作用。 本文使用质性研究方法，在文献综述的基础上，对医务社会工作政策制定者、学术带头人、行业协会专家、医院领导、医务社工部领导、一线医务社工等共26个研究对象进行深度访谈搜集资料，并采用嵌入性理论的视角对研究资料进行分析研究。 研究发现，医务社工部在医院内的嵌入会有五个不同嵌入层面的挑战和发展。制度层面，挑战为政策上的整体均衡但是局部落差，对此，需要用政策推动医务社会工作的发展；结构层面，挑战为医院编制不足、来源结构不均衡、规模结构不足、薪酬结构待优化，对此，需要提升领导对医务社工价值的重视并进行全方位的合理化规划；服务层面，挑战为医务社工专业能力水平仍需提升，能够独立开展自主性嵌入服务的医院较少，对此，需要全面培养医务社工的专业能力；关系层面，挑战为社会工作专业出身的医务社工在沟通能力、人际关系能力等综合素质方面有待加强，对此，需要发挥医务社工在医患问题中的作用；文化层面，挑战为医务社工的水平在医院体系内难以得到认可，对此，需要用科研证明医务社工的水平。这些挑战和发展，可以为其他地区和医院的医务社工部的开展提供借鉴和参考。

Health is the people's most universal need for a better life. Under the background of the "health China" strategy, the major requirements of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core for the medical and health system are deepening the reform of the medical and health system, establishing a high-quality and efficient medical and health service system in an all-round way. In recent years, modern hospitals that can provide high-level and high-quality medical and health services are setting up medical and social work departments or social service departments one after another. Medical Social Work System has become one of the basic contents of modern hospital management system. However, in the actual development process of embedding, the medical social work department, as the main body of embedding, faces various challenges. Whether the medical social work department can correctly deal with these challenges is related to whether it can play a real role in the embedded object of the hospital. Based on literature review, this paper uses qualitative research methods to conduct in-depth interviews with 26 research subjects, including medical social work policy makers, academic leaders, industry association experts, hospital leaders, medical social work department leaders, front-line medical social workers to collect data, and uses the perspective of embeddedness theory to analyze and study the research data. The research found that the embedding of the medical social work department in the hospital will have five challenges and development at different embedding levels. At the system level, the challenge is the overall balance of policies but the partial gap. Therefore, policies are needed to promote the development of medical social work. At the structural level, the challenges are insufficient hospital establishment, unbalanced source structure, insufficient scale structure and salary structure to be optimized. Therefore, leaders need to pay more attention to the value of medical social workers and make all-round rational planning. At the service level, the challenge is that the professional competence level of medical social workers still needs to be improved, and few hospitals are able to independently carry out autonomous embedded services. Therefore, the professional competence of medical social workers needs to be comprehensively cultivated. At the relationship level, the challenge is that medical social workers with professional background in social work need to be strengthened in their comprehensive qualities such as communication ability and interpersonal relationship ability. Therefore, the role of medical social workers in doctor-patient problems needs to be brought into play. At the cultural level, the challenge is that the value of medical social workers is difficult to be recognized in the hospital system. Therefore, scientific research is needed to prove the level of medical social workers. These challenges and developments can provide reference for the development of medical social work departments in other regions and hospitals.