本文旨在探究公众对生物多样性的认知水平、支持态度与行为倾向之间的关系并探索影响公众支持态度的因素，聚焦生物多样性保护和可持续发展主题研究，基于来自30个省 (自治区、直辖市)以及不同年龄段受访者的3089份有效问卷，搜集了丰富的关于公众对生物多样性保护认知、态度和行为的数据，针对公众对生物多样性的认知水平、支持态度和行为倾向等方面进行研究。通过建立结构模型方程，计量标准化路径系数分析各项指标之间的实际影响，进而深入了解公众对生物多样性的理解程度、对保护行动的支持程度以及实际行为倾向，从而为更加有效的教育、传播和行动计划提供指导和依据。

研究结果表明，公众的认知水平通过支持态度产生的中介效应，对于公众的行为倾向在正向影响上存在显著效应。具体而言，公众对生物多样性保护的认知水平越高，其对生物多样性保护的支持态度越积极，且更倾向于采取实际行动参与生物多样性保护活动；另外，本研究还发现公众的主观条件（个人效能、价值观念、消费及慈善习惯等）在公众认知对于公众行为的影响中起到调节作用。

通过研究公众参与生物多样性保护的认知、态度、行为关系，可以帮助政府通过调整公众参与模型中的关键变量转变其参与行为；政府可以通过提供教育改进、制定相关法律法规、引导媒体报道等手段，改变公众对生物多样性保护的认知、态度，进而影响行为倾向。本研究为有效引导公众参与公共事务，进一步澄清公众参与过程中核心变量之间的相互作用，这将为提供科学依据奠定基础，并为该领域的实践和理论研究做出一定的尝试。

This paper aims to explore the relationship between the public's cognition level, support attitude and behavioral tendency towards biodiversity, and explore the factors that affect the public's support attitude. Focusing on the topic of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, this paper is based on 3089 valid questionnaires from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and respondents of different ages. A wealth of data on the public's cognitive level, supportive attitude and behavior towards biodiversity conservation were collected. Through the establishment of structural model equations and the measurement of standardized path coefficients, the actual impact between indicators is analyzed, and the public's cognitive level of biodiversity, the level of support for conservation actions and the actual behavior tendency are further understood, so as to provide guidance and basis for more effective education, communication and action plans.

The results show that the cognitive level of the public has a significant positive influence on their behavioral tendency through the mediating effect of supportive attitude. Specifically, the higher the cognitive level of biodiversity conservation, the more active the public support attitude towards biodiversity conservation, and the more inclined to take practical actions to participate in biodiversity conservation activities; In addition, this study also found that the subjective conditions of the public (personal efficacy, values, consumption and charitable habits, etc.) played a moderating role in the impact of public cognition on public behavior.

Through studying the relationship between public engagement in biodiversity conservation and their cognition, attitudes, and behaviors, it is possible to assist the government in transforming public participation by adjusting key variables in the participation model. The government can change public engagement behavior by providing improved education, enacting relevant laws and regulations, and guiding media coverage to alter public perceptions and attitudes towards biodiversity conservation. This research aims to effectively guide public participation in public affairs, further clarify the interactions among core variables in the public participation process, laying a foundation by providing scientific evidence and making attempts to contribute to both the practice and theoretical research in this field.