20世纪30年代，是马克思主义史学建立至马克思主义史学阵营形成的过渡阶段。在此期间，吕振羽和翦伯赞运用马克思主义社会形态理论对中国社会史展开研究。吕振羽所持的“殷商奴隶社会论”和“西周封建论”，得到翦伯赞的有力呼应和支持。由于他们对神话传说的价值以及具体的论证方式存在差异，吕振羽和翦伯赞的学术研究呈现出“和而不同”的特点。

      吕振羽与翦伯赞对郭沫若的研究既有继承也有误解。一方面，他们沿着郭沫若开辟的“草径”，强调中国奴隶制阶段的存在；另一方面，吕振羽、翦伯赞和持“战国封建论”的郭沫若之间展开“交锋”。此外，吕振羽和翦伯赞将“疑古”思想和实验主义的方法混为一谈，多次错误地将郭沫若划分至“实验主义”一派，并以许多非学术的语言进行言语激烈的批评。与郭沫若的分歧具有本质不同，吕振羽和翦伯赞基于学理和政治层面的考量，对陶希圣、李季展开猛烈批判。

      全面抗战时期，马克思主义史学阵营开始形成。吕振羽加强对中国社会史论战的总结与反思，深化中国社会史诸问题的认识。翦伯赞推出《历史哲学教程》，从历史哲学角度为抗日救国提供活的、具体的理论指导。涉及到对吕振羽的见解及批判，一定程度上反映出翦伯赞对吕振羽的“超越”。吕振羽与翦伯赞的“和”与“不同”，以及吕翦二人对郭沫若的“误读”，体现了马克思主义史家内部的差异性，客观展现出马克思主义史家在形成统一阵营以前不断整合、试错的复杂面相和动态历程。

      It was a transitional period from the establishment of Marxist historiography to the formation of Marxist historiography group. In the 1930s, Lv Zhenyu and Jian Bozan carried out a study of the social history of China by using the theory of Marxist social forms. Lv Zhenyu's theory of "The Slave Society of the Shang Dynasty" and "The Feudal Theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty" were echoed and supported strongly by Jian Bozan. Due to they have some differences in the value of myths and legends and the specific ways of argumentation, showing the characteristic of " Harmony but Different ".

      In addition, Lv Zhenyu and Jian Bozan had inherited and misjudged of Guo Moruo. On the one hand, they followed Guo Moruo's "path" to emphasize the existence of slavery in China; On the other hand, there was an inevitable "battle" between them and Guo Moruo who held the proposition of "The Feudal Theory of the Warring States Period". Meanwhile, Lv Zhenyu and Jian Bozan confused the "antiquarianism" idea with the experimental methods, so they wrongly classified Guo Moruo into the "experimentalism" group for many times and make fierce verbal criticism by using many non-academic words. The disagreement was qualitatively different from that of Guo Moruo. Lv Zhenyu and the Jian Bozan strongly criticized Tao Xisheng and Li Ji based on academic and political considerations.

      During the Total Anti-Japanese War, the Marxist historiography group began to form. Lv Zhenyu strengthened the summary and reflection of The Controversy in Chinese Social History and deepened the understanding of Chinese social history. Jian Bozan published The Philosophy of History《历史哲学教程》，which provided live and specific theoretical guidance for resisting Japan and saving the country from the perspective of historical philosophy. To a certain extent, the views and criticisms of Lv Zhenyu reflected the "surpassing" of him by Jian Bozan. The "similarity" and "difference" between Lv Zhenyu and Jian Bozan and the "misreading" of Guo Moruo reflect the diversity within the Marxist historians and show the complex and dynamic course of continuous integration, trial and error of the Marxist historians before forming a unified group.