中文题名: | 论国际法院判决与国内法院判决的冲突与解决 |
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学科代码: | 0351 |
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学生类型: | 硕士 |
学位: | 法律硕士 |
学位年度: | 2011 |
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研究方向: | 国际法 |
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提交日期: | 2011-06-01 |
答辩日期: | 2011-05-20 |
中文摘要: |
针对《维也纳领事关系公约》第36条,国际法院先后审理了布雷德、拉格朗和阿维纳三个案件并对后两个案件做出了相应判决,但是国际法院的判决并未得到完全地执行。本文意图通过对三个案例的分析以揭示国际法院在审理案件中所呈现出的人权化的价值取向以及所导致的国际法院判决和当事国国内法院判决的冲突,并着重从国际法院判决效力这一视角来分析导致判决冲突的原因在于国际法院判决效力的二元层次结构,并进而提出解决该冲突的思路——在国内法层面实施国际法院的判决。通过对国际社会相关实践的介绍,提出解决判决冲突的可行途径主要有两种,一种是通过对国内相关法律进行修改或补充以避免与国际法的抵触;另一种是通过司法解释的技术性手段来解释国际法与国内法的冲突。但是由于上述途径的实施主要是依靠当事国的自愿和主动,各国出于对自身利益的考虑往往拒绝采取相应的解决措施,因此,最后本文就建立国际法院判决的执行监督机制进行尝试,认为首先应该充分发挥安理会保障国际法院判决执行的职能,另外通过借鉴其他国际性法院的执行保障机制来加强对判决执行的监督,比如学习欧洲法院建立罚款机制,或者借鉴欧洲人权法院的监督机制。本文主要分为五章:第一章主要介绍本文的研究目的和研究对象以及研究方法。主要指明该文写作的目的以及意图解决的问题以及具体的解决思路,此外,还对本文的研究对象进行相应的界定,以明确研究的范围。第二章主要是论述了国际法院在司法实践中的变化。通过对布雷德、拉格朗以及阿维纳案的介绍以及比较,来揭示国际法院在这一系列案件判决中所呈现的对当事国国内司法体系和主权的干涉,并指出国际法院上述行为所带来的诸多矛盾,其中重点讨论国际法院判决与国内法院判决的矛盾和冲突。第三章主要是从国际法院判决效力的视角来阐述国际法院与国内法院判决冲突的原因。通过对国际法院判决效力观点的介绍和驳斥,得出国际法院判决的效力呈现出两重性的特征,而这正是导致判决冲突的其中一个原因。第四章主要是探索如何解决判决的冲突,保障国际法院判决在国内的执行。文章提出解决冲突的两种思路并加以评析,最后得出结论:在现有的国际法理论体系下,只能通过对国内法的修改补充或者司法解释的方式在国内法层面上实施国际法院的判决。第五章主要是探讨保障国际法院判决执行的机制。国际法院判决得不到执行一方面是由于国际法院判决效力的不明晰,另一方面也是因为国际社会缺乏强有力的判决执行监督机制。本文提出应当改革安理会的表决机制以真正发挥安理会保障国际法院判决执行的职能,此外应当借鉴欧洲法院以及欧洲人权法院的相关监督机制,通过建立罚款等机制以更好的保障判决的执行。
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外文摘要: |
According to Vienna Convention on Consular Relations section 36, the International Tribunal has heard Breard, LaGrand and Avena three cases, and made the corresponding decision of the latter two. but the decision has not been fully implemented. This article attempts to analyze the three cases in order to reveal that the court presented a value orientation of the human rights which resulted in the conflict decisions between the domestic court and the international court. So, the article pay more attention to the reason which is the dual hierarchy of the International and domestic Court, thus put forward ideas to resolve the conflict - at the level of domestic law to implement the international Court's decision. Through the introduction of the international community practice, the article put forward two feasible way to resolve the conflict: firstly, through the amendment or supplement, the domestic law is avoided conflict with international law; Secondly, through the technical judicial interpretation, the conflict between international and domestic law should be avoided. However, the implementation of the approach relies mainly on voluntary of Parties, countries often refused to take corresponding measures because of self-interest. Therefore, in the last part of the article, the author attempts to establish the implementation of monitoring mechanisms of the international court. The Security Council should guarantee the implementation of the International Court decisions. The second way is in the enforcement of mechanisms to strengthen the supervision through learning the experience of other international courts, such as the fine mechanism of the European Court, or reference to the monitoring mechanisms of European Court of Human Rights .This article is divided into five chapters: The first chapter introduces the purpose of this study, the research object and research methods. And the first chapter mainly indicates the goal of writing the article, the intention to solve the problems and solutions as well as specific ideas. In addition, carry on the corresponding limits to this article object of study, in order to clear about the research scope. The second chapter mainly discusses the World court in judicial practice change. Introduce and compare to the case of Bread, LaGrand, and Avena, promulgates the World court, in this a series of cases decide to the country concerned domestic judicature system which and the sovereignty interference presents. Then, point out the behavior of World court brings many contradictions. Discuss the contradiction and the conflict between World court decision and the domestic court decision.The third chapter illustrates the reason of the conflict between the Court and domestic court decisions. Through the introduction, the effectiveness of International Court showed the characteristics of duality, which is one of the reasons of conflict judgments. The fourth chapter is to explore how to resolve the conflict of judgments to protect the International Court of Justice in the domestic implementation. This paper presents two approaches for conflict resolution .the final conclusion is that the existing theory of international law system, can only supplement domestic law or judicial interpretation changes the way that he level of implementation in domestic law of the Court's decision. Chapter Five is to discuss the implementation mechanisms of International Court. The reason why the decisions of the International Court is not implemented is based on two reasons. The first reason is that the effectiveness of the international court is not clear, the second is that the international community is lack of strong mechanisms to supervise the implement of decision. In this paper, the voting mechanism of the Security Council should be to reform in order to protect the implementation of the International Court decisions. In addition, reference to the European Court and the European Court of Human Rights, a fine mechanism should be established to protect the implement of sentences.
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参考文献总数: | 31 |
馆藏号: | 硕410100/11165 |
开放日期: | 2011-06-01 |