《贞观政要》作为唐初贞观之治的总结性历史著作，既是以唐太宗李世民为核心的中央领导集体的治国思想与实践案例的汇集，同时也是原生态的国家治理理论与案例的生动展示，其丰富的政治哲学思想对于后世的政治影响很大。通过对《贞观政要》进行全面系统的典故注释与文本分析，本文系统地整理了《贞观政要》中的治道思想文献及其典故渊源，对唐太宗君臣的治道思想做了尝试性解读。本文包括以下章节：第一章绪论部分，详细分析了“治道”的含义，本研究中“治道”概念的基本定位，《贞观政要》的编者、体例和结构，研究现状，本文研究方法、思路与创新点等。第二章从治道理念大体的角度论述了《贞观政要》对治国根本理念的总结与思考。“治国先抓大体，行事先抓根本”是《贞观政要》对治国行政的最核心、最基本的观点。本章主要从“为政之本，贵在无为：安静以养百姓”、“治国之本，在于仁义：仁信以安百姓”、“刑赏之本，劝善惩恶：至公以行赏罚”、“致安之本，惟在得人：详审以用贤才”四个方面系统梳理了《贞观政要》中治政理念大体。第三章从治国事务大体的角度论述了《贞观政要》对治国根本主体的总结与思考。唐太宗认为，“治国之要，务全其本。”对于治国的主体，必须保全根本的方面，不能忽视和削弱，否则就会打破社会主体关系的平衡，造成社会的不稳定。这一章主要从“理天下者，以民为本：重民以安天下”、“尚书万机，实为政本：简择以举宏纲”、“太子储君，宗社之本：教戒以继大统”、“中国百姓，天下根本：尊华以辨主次”四个方面进行阐述。第四章从治国制度大体的角度对《贞观政要》中唐太宗君臣在基本治理制度模式进行了梳理与阐述。贞观时期的王道政治虽然源自于于西周王道政治实践，但是太宗君臣根据时代的变化，对西周以后的政治实践中成功的方面予以继承，并将其融入王道政治体系中，最终开创了有贞观朝特色治理模式。第五章从君臣关系大体的角度对《贞观政要》中的君臣关系理论进行了梳理。太宗君臣从“君臣协契，义同一体”、“君为政源，率臣以正”、“臣为股肱，制君以义”三个方面系统总结了君臣关系理论。第六章论述了《贞观政要》治道研究的价值与意义，以及未来进一步研究的展望。

As the summative history literature of the governance achievement of early period of Tang dynasty, the book of the Essence of Government in the Chen-kuan Era, is not only the collection of governance theory and cases of Emperor Taizong in Tang dynasty and his famous officers, but also the vivid description of the original theory and cases of governance, and it has brought far-reaching impacts for the Chinese traditional politics. Based on plenty of documentation studies, this paper analyzes the governance theory of the Essence of Government in the Chen-kuan Era. There are several basic ideas of governance in the Essence of Government in the Chen-kuan Era, such as Wuwei (non-action), Renyi (human-heartedness and righteousness), Zhigong (the most fairness), and talents. And there are four critical factors in governance: the mass, Shangshu (the State Department), Taizi (the Prince ) and Chinese people.The Tang Taizong’s government not only inherited the ancient political wisdom of Kingly Way, but also inherited the other successful political experience, and explored a series of new Kingly Way experience. The political system model was made up of the Kingly Way value system of Renyi and Chengxin (honesty and integrity) based on virtues and rituals and the county boroughs system.At last, Tang Taizong and his subjects considered that both the monarch and his subjects should be harmony, the monarch should be model of all the officers, and the subjects should restrict the monarch’s power by righteousness.