《左传》叙事中，晋楚之争是春秋历史的主要线索。司马迁如何重新理解春秋会盟体制中的晋楚叙事，成为《史记》建构春秋历史叙事的重要命题。本文从三个角度展开讨论。其一，异于《左传》在楚灵王时期强调晋胜于楚，司马迁提高了灵王地位。这可能受到战国以来对楚灵王时期共同记忆的影响，将灵王功绩归结于楚在晋楚之争中的优胜，从而重新建构了《史记》对弭兵之会后十数年春秋会盟体制的认识。其二，相较于《左传》独称晋国国君为“盟主”，《史记》亦称楚灵王为“盟主”。基于“诸夏”观念随着时代变化，司马迁“盟主”称谓的适用范围，也突破了《左传》晋国本位立场带来的限制，在观念的变动中重新理解春秋会盟体制的“盟主”。其三，《左传》书写下的“诸夏”同盟内部，战争责任认定机制与会盟活动在程序上存在必然联系，这成为“诸夏”同盟共同遵守的公共秩序，而《史记》瓦解了这种共同秩序，使之变为一种诸侯国间的随机行为。司马迁还采用战国以后出现、西汉常见的“出卖”行为，替代诸侯国间的战争责任认定机制，一定程度上消解了晋国对“诸夏”会盟的强势统属关系，这显然受到战国以来思想观念的影响。司马迁对楚国在春秋会盟体制中地位的重构可能也影响了《史记》的晋国叙事，削弱了晋国对“诸夏”的影响。

In the narrative of Zuozhuan, the Jin-Chu rivalry is the main line of the Spring and Autumn history. How Sima Qian reconstrues the narratives of Jin and Chu in the Spring and Autumn alliance system has become a significant issue as to the construction of the Spring and Autumn history in Shi Ji. This paper is based on three perspectives. First, unlike Zuozhuan, which emphasized Jin's advantage over Chu during the reign period of king Chu, Sima Qian enhanced the status of king Ling. This mght have been influenced by the common memory of the reign period of King Ling of Chu since the Warring States period, which attributes the main connotation of king Ling's accomplishments to Chu's superiority in the Jin-Chu rivalry, thus reconstructing the understanding of the Spring and Autumn alliance system in a dozen years after the "truce meeting". Second, in contrast to Zuozhuan, which refers to the lord of Jin as the sole "lord of the alliance", Shi Ji also refers to King Ling of Chu as the "lord of the alliance". Based on the transformation of the concept of "Zhu Xia", the scope of the application of "lord of the alliance" breaks through the restrictions generated by the standpoint of Jin in Zuo Zhuan. Thus, the "lord of the alliance" of the Spring and Autumn Alliance system is understood anew with the conceptual transition. Thirdly, within the alliance of "Zhu Xia" in Zuo Zhuan, the mechanism of imputing the responsibility for war and the alignment activities were inevitably linked in the procedure, which became the common public order within the alliance of "Zhu Xia". However, Shi ji dismantled this common order and turned it into a random behavior among the vassal states. Sima Qian even adopted the behavioral model of "betrayal", which appeared after the Warring States period and was common in the Western Han Dynasty, as a substitute for the mechanism of imputing the responsibility for war among the vassal states. To a certain extent, it dissolved Jin’s strong command of the states in "Zhuxia", and made the internal order in the "Zhuxia" alliance under the leadership of Jin infiltrated by the concept from the Warring States, which is manifest that it was influenced by the ideological concepts since the Warring States period. Sima Qian's reconstruction of Chu's status in the Spring and Autumn alliance system mght also have influenced the Jin narrative in Shi Ji, that is to diminish Jin's influence on the "Zhuxia."