随着家庭联产承包责任制的广泛推广，人民公社体制解体，取而代之的是以村民委员会的形式由农民进行自我管理、自我教育、自我服务。同时在广大农村，乡镇政府作为国家政权的最基层机构，行使着国家行政管理职能。然而这样的“乡政村治”模式并没有因为《村民委员会组织法》的颁布而完全建立起来。《村民委员会组织法》中规定了乡镇政府和村民委员会的指导与被指导关系，但在实际的工作过程中，乡镇政府仍然习惯于之前的人民公社体制，将村委会当成下级行政机构，对村委会发号施令。乡镇政府在事实上处于行政支配关系的主导地位，乡镇政府为了实现自身的利益，不断加强对村级组织的控制，使村民自治不能得到有效保证，乡镇政府的行政控制和村民对自治权利的要求使乡村之间产生了矛盾冲突。为了让国家政权和村民自治更好的衔接，促进乡村关系和谐发展，如何定位乡镇政府角色、调整和规范乡镇政府行为成了化解乡村矛盾、保障村民自治顺利实施的关键。本文基于有关乡镇政府行为的理论，通过分析乡镇政府自身职能以及在村民自治条件下由于角色定位不准确产生的各种矛盾、冲突和不当行为，探讨产生问题的深层次原因，并提出使乡镇政府在当前村民自治条件下更好的发挥其职能和行为的一些途径和建议。

With the extensive promoting of family contract system, the people's communes system is instead by villager committee in the forms of peasants’ self-management, self-education and self-service. At the same in the vast rural areas ,the township government as the grass-roots organs of state authority, is exercising administrative functions of the state. However, The "village" mode of rural administration has not been completely established for the issue of “The organic law on villager committee” There is provision in “The organic law on villager committee” between township government and villager committee on their guidelines and be guided relationship. But in actual work, the township government still in the habit of the people's communes system, called for villager committee, regarding them as the administrative agencies. The township government is in fact in the control of the relationship. The township government in order to achieve their own interests, strengthened the control of village level, causing that self-governance among villagers couldn't get the effective guarantee, the conflict happened between the township government administrative control and the right to autonomy for the countryside. To let the government and the villagers autonomy better connecting and promoting harmoniously development in relationship between village and town, how to posit township government characters, adjust and specificate village and township government behavior becomes the key of villager self-governance well implementation. This article based on the theory of village and township government, by analyzing their function and their contradictions, conflicts and improper behavior under villager self-governance for inaccurate characters positing, explored the problems of the deep-rooted reasons and proposed some way and advice to make village and township government better playing their functions in the villager self-governance.