近年来，汉语二语复杂句加工机制受到了汉语二语习得领域的广泛关注。带有关系从句的复杂句是一类广泛存在的语言现象，句法结构复杂，包含多种嵌套关系，句子成分之间存在多重非相邻长距离依存，一直以来是研究人类句子（句法）加工的关键材料。带有关系从句的汉语复杂句尤为特殊，它结合了SVO语序结构和核心词后置两大类型学差异，因此对其加工机制的探究有助于揭示人类复杂句加工的共性机制与特异性规律，也有助于揭示汉语母语者和二语者汉语复杂句加工机制的异同，为汉语二语复杂句教学重难点的选择、教学方式和训练方法提供参考。然而前人研究结果未能在带有关系从句的汉语复杂句的加工表现和加工方式上达成一致，且多集中于汉语母语者，对汉语二语者的考察较为缺乏且不够系统、深入，因而汉语二语者是否和汉语母语者呈现出一致的加工表现和加工方式仍有待探究。此外，在汉语二语者句子加工过程中学习者个体因素的影响为何及其和汉语母语者相比有何区别也尚不可知。综上，本研究以汉语二语加工为背景，以高水平汉语二语者（韩语母语者）为实验被试，重点考察“汉语二语复杂句加工机制及其学习者个体因素影响”这一核心论题。

本研究通过三项研究对核心论题进行考察：

研究一采用句子理解任务，通过眼动追踪技术探究汉语二语者和汉语母语者带有关系从句的汉语复杂句的加工表现及其异同。

研究二在研究一的基础上，首次采用表征相似性分析方法，考察汉语二语者和汉语母语者带有关系从句的汉语复杂句的加工方式及其异同。

研究三则在前两项研究的基础上，采用西蒙任务和操作广度测试量化汉语二语者和汉语母语者的抑制控制能力和工作记忆能力（以汉语母语者作为对照），通过快速完形填空测试量化汉语二语者的二语熟练度，探究抑制控制能力、工作记忆能力和二语熟练度这三大学习者个体因素对于汉语二语者汉语复杂句的加工表现（研究一）和加工方式（研究二）的影响。

本研究三项研究主要发现：

汉语二语者和汉语母语者呈现出了相反的加工表现：汉语二语者加工带有宾语关系从句的汉语复杂句更为困难；汉语母语者则在加工带有主语关系从句的汉语复杂句时更为困难。

在加工方式上二者呈现出了高度一致的结果：相比多层嵌套加工方式，汉语二语者和汉语母语者主要采用多层依存加工方式处理汉语复杂句。

在个体因素的影响方面，抑制控制能力对汉语二语者和汉语母语者的加工表现和加工方式均无影响。工作记忆能力主要影响汉语二语者离线行为表现中的反应时和正确率，对于汉语母语者则主要影响其反应时，对于二者的加工方式无影响。二语熟练度主要影响汉语二语者的离线行为表现（反应时和正确率），对于加工方式无显著影响。然而，需要注意的是，二语熟练度在相关—回归分析中表现出了对汉语二语者在线行为表现下汉语复杂句加工方式的影响趋势。

综合上述研究发现，本研究进一步厘清了汉语二语者加工带有关系从句的汉语复杂句的加工机制及其和汉语母语者的异同；明确了学习者个体因素对于汉语二语复杂句加工的影响。本研究有助于了解汉语二语者汉语复杂句加工的共性和特异性，得以对二语习得等相关理论进行了更为丰富的补充与完善，为二语者复杂句加工机制的建构提供了重要参考。此外，本研究的研究结果也为二语习得——尤其是汉语二语复杂句的教学模式、教学设计等提供了来自语言认知实验研究方面的启示与建议。

The processing mechanism of complex sentences has received significant attention in psycholinguistics academia in recent years. Complex sentences with relative clauses are a widespread linguistic phenomenon characterized by complex syntactic structure multiple nested relations and multiple non-adjacent long-distance dependencies among sentence components. They have long served as pivotal materials for investigating the cognitive processes involved in human sentence (syntax) processing. Chinese complex sentences with relative clauses are particularly special, which combine the two major typological differences of SVO word order structure and head-final position. Therefore, the exploration of its processing mechanism is instrumental in revealing language-universal and/or specific mechanism of human complex sentence processing. It also helps to reveal the similarities and differences in the processing mechanisms of complex sentences between native Chinese speakers and second language learners of Chinese, which offers valuable insights for teaching Chinese as a second language. However, previous studies have not reached a consensus on the processing performance and processing mode of Chinese complex sentences with relative clauses, and most of these studies have primarily focused on native Chinese speakers, while research investigating Chinese second language learners is notably insufficient. Therefore, whether Chinese second language learners exhibit similar processing performance and mode as Chinese native speakers is still under-determined. Additionally, the influence of individual factors in sentence processing among Chinese second language learners has yet to be fully understood. In summary, this study took high-level Chinese-L2 speakers (Korean native Chinese speakers) as participants, and focused on the core topic of "the processing mechanism of Chinese second language complex sentences and the associated influence of learners' individual factors".

We investigated the core topic through three studies.

The first study employed eye-tracking technology and sentence comprehension task to explore the processing performance of Chinese complex sentences with relative clauses among both groups. 

On the basis of Study1, Study 2 introduced the method of representational similarity analysis (RSA), for the first time, to investigate the differences and similarities in the processing mode of Chinese complex sentences with relative clauses between the two groups.

Study 3 further adopted the Simon task and operation span test to quantify the inhibitory control ability and working memory capacity of both groups respectively, while utilizing the rapid cloze test to measure second language proficiency of the Chinese-L2 speakers particularly. Study 3 investigated how these three learners' individual factors (i.e., inhibitory control ability, working memory capacity, and second language proficiency) would influence the processing performance (Study 1) as well as the processing mode (Study 2) of these two groups.

The main findings of the above three studies are as follows:

Chinese-L2 speakers and native Chinese speakers exhibited opposite processing performances: it was more difficult for Chinese-L2 speakers to process complex Chinese sentences with object relative clauses. However, the processing of complex Chinese sentences with subject relative clauses posed greater difficulty for native Chinese speakers.

In terms of processing mode, both Chinese-L2 speakers and native Chinese speakers showed a high level of consistency in processing Chinese complex sentences via using multi-level dependency processing mode. 

The individual factor—inhibitory control ability did not significantly influence the processing performance and the processing mode for each group. Working memory capacity primarily affected the offline behavioral performance (response time and accuracy rate) of Chinese-L2 speakers, while it mainly affected the reaction time of native Chinese speakers, without exerting any influence on both groups’ processing mode. Second language proficiency primarily impacted the offline behavior of Chinese-L2 speakers (i.e. response time and accuracy rate), while exhibiting no significant influence on the processing mode. However, it is worth noting that second language proficiency showed a trend of influence on the processing mode as observed through online behavioral indices as revealed by the correlation-regression analysis.

Based on these findings, our study further elucidates the processing mechanism of Chinese complex sentences with relative clauses and the similarities and differences between Chinese-L2 speakers and Chinese native speakers. Additionally, we investigated the impact of learners' individual factors on Chinese-L2 speakers' processing of complex sentences. These investigations, thus, contribute to the understanding of both shared patterns and specific characteristics in how Chinese second language learners process complex sentences, while also providing the empirical supports for relevant second language acquisition theories. Consequently, these findings serve as a valuable reference for the construction of complex sentence processing mechanism of second language learners. Furthermore, the results of this study also provide enlightenment and suggestions from the experimental research of language cognition for second language acquisition, especially the teaching approach and the teaching design of Chinese second language complex sentences.