二氧化硅是具有良好生物相容性的纳米材料，夹心二氧化硅纳米材料是中科院理化所纳米材料可控制备与应用实验室最新研发的具有独特结构的新型材料，在肿瘤靶向治疗、脑胶质瘤治疗、神经缺损修复等生物医学领域具有广泛的应用前景。对夹心二氧化硅纳米材料进行免疫毒性评价等生物安全性研究能为夹心二氧化硅纳米材料在药物缓控释放载体方面的研究应用提供重要的理论支持。 本研究通过普通细胞毒性实验、淋巴细胞毒性实验和巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定实验对不同结构特征的夹心二氧化硅纳米材料进行系列的毒性评价，研究比较夹心二氧化硅纳米材料的免疫毒性。研究通过MTT实验对夹心二氧化硅纳米材料进行A549细胞的毒性检测，并通过MTT实验对二氧化硅纳米材料进行淋巴细胞的毒性和增殖活性检测，最后通过鸡红细胞（半体内法）、中性红比色法和酸性磷酸酶（Acp）与α-醋酸萘酚脂酶（ANAE）化学染色方法对夹心二氧化硅纳米材料进行巨噬细胞的吞噬功能检测。 夹心二氧化硅纳米材料对A549细胞不存在增殖毒性，相反，夹心二氧化硅纳米材料在一定浓度范围内能促进A549细胞的增殖。夹心二氧化硅纳米材料对淋巴细胞也不存在增殖毒性，通过对淋巴细胞的巨噬细胞的检测，显示对小鼠免疫系统存在免疫增强的影响，且二氧化硅纳米材料因为浓度和粒径的差异，其对小鼠淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞活性的影响也存在差异。

Silica is a kind of nano materials with good biocompatibility. Silica Nanorattle is a new material developed by Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has special structure and has great potential in biomedical applications, such as targeting anti-tumor, brain glioma therapy and nerve repair. The evaluation of immune toxicity of Silica Nanorattle can provide theoretical foundation for its drug load and controlled release. In our study, we evaluated the cell toxicity of Silica Nanorattle with different structure by cell toxicity test, lymphocyte toxicity and macrophage phagocytosis experiments. We investigated the toxicity of Silica Nanorattle to cell A549 and lymphocyte by MTT test, and then we carried out macrophage phagocytosis test in chicken red blood cell by neutral Red assay, acid phosphatase (Acp) and α-naphthol acetate esterase (ANAE) staining method. Silica Nanorattle has no proliferation toxicity to cell A549 while facilitates the proliferation in a certain range of concentration. Also, Silica Nanorattle has no proliferation toxicity to mice lymphocyte. On the contrary, it shows immune enhancing effects to mice. The difference of Silica Nanorattle in concentration and diameter has different effects on cell activity of mice lymphocyte and macrophage.