自20世纪50年代起，来自世界各国的探险家和科学家开始踏足这片天然的实验场。受气候条件影响，这些人类活动主要活跃在南极大陆的沿海地带，但还有更多的科学问题需要深入内陆地区才能得以解决。由此，一部分国家在南极内陆建立了常态考察站，会在夏季开展由沿海向内陆延伸的科学考察。各国内陆考察取得的科学成果一般会向社会公布，但考察的详细路线和后勤保障情况一般不对外公开。 随着卫星遥感技术的发展，人类南极考察留下的足迹的席位信息已经可以通过卫星遥感影像获取。通过这些信息可以了解世界各国的极地考察水平，为我国南极内陆考察的发展方向与要求的制定提供借鉴。 Landsat 8卫星自2013年投入运行以来，在南极地区的相关研究中扮演了重要角色，利用其陆地成像仪短波外影像能够获取到南极内陆考察的车辙印、机场跑道、中转站等留下的考察足迹。本研究利用Landsat8卫星影像获取人类南极内陆考察的足迹，了解各国未公开发布的考察情况细节，探索不同国家考察路线的特点、运行模式以及考察活动的特点，具体研究工作包括：详细总结了南极内陆科学考察的发展历程，特别是中国成为《南极条约》缔约国以来，在南极内陆地区开展科学考察的历程；以南极地区夏季的Landsat 8影像为基础数据，分析了Landsat 8卫星不同波段对考察车辙印的特点，选择短波红外波段（Band 7）单波段影像，以人工目视识别的方式勾绘出世界各国在2017/2018年进行内陆考察的路线轨迹；以内陆考察的路线轨迹为基础，分析了中国和世界其他国家南极考察路线的特征，并以此为基础，结合冰上冰下地形数据、南极冰雪积累率和冰流速数据等辅助分析数据，首次实现了对世界各国南极内陆考察活动和路线断面特征进行对比分析。本研究尝试获取到南极内陆考察尽可能多的有效信息，为我国今后南极科学考察事业发展计划的制定提供数据基础和参考依据。

Antarctic is an important area of global climate change research. Antarctic scientific research level is also an important manifestation of a country's comprehensive national strength and the level of science and technology development. Since 1950s, explorers and scientists from all over the world have set foot in this natural experimental field. However，affected by climate conditions, these human activities are mainly active in the coastal areas of the Antarctic continent, as there are more scientific problems to be solved in the inland areas. As a result, some countries have established normal inspection stations in the Antarctic inland, and conduct scientific expedition from coast to inland in summer. The scientific results of inland inspection are generally released to the public, but neither the detailed path nor the logistical support of their investigation. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, information on the footprints left by human Antarctic expedition can be obtained through satellite remote sensing images. We can understand the polar countries' inspection level in the world through this information, and provide reference for the development direction and requirement formulation of Antarctic inland expedition in China. Since its operation in 2013, the Landsat 8 satellite has played an important role in the related research in the Antarctic region. Using its terrestrial imager, the short wave image can be used to obtain the tracks of the rut, the airport runway and the transfer station of the Antarctic inland inspection. In this study, Landsat8 satellite images were used to obtain the footprints of the human Antarctic expedition, to understand the details of the unpublished survey, and to explore the characteristics, operating modes and the characteristics of the investigation activities of different countries. The specific research work included: The course of the development of the scientific expedition of the Antarctic inland is summarized in detail, especially the course of scientific investigation in the inland region of Antarctic since China became a Contracting State of the Antarctic Treaty. Based on the Landsat 8 image of the Antarctic region in summer, the characteristics of the different bands of the Landsat 8 satellite are analyzed and the short wave infrared band (Band 7) single-band image is selected, and the route of the inland inspection of the world in 2017/2018 year is plotted by artificial visual recognition. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the Antarctic Survey route over the world and the analysis of ancillary analysis data such as Antarctic ice and snow accumulation rate and ice velocity data, the characteristics of the land survey and route cross sections of the Antarctic countries in the world have been realized for the first time. This study attempts to obtain as many effective information as possible in the Antarctic inland survey, and provides a data basis and reference for the formulation of the future development plan of the Antarctic scientific expedition for China. Lythe M B, Vaughan D G. BEDMAP: A new ice thickness and subglacial topographic model of Antarctica[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 2001, 106(B6): 11335-11351. Fretwell P, Pritchard H D, Vaughan D G, et al. Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica[J]. The Cryosphere, 2013, (7): 375-393. Group D F D C. Deep ice-core drilling at Dome Fuji and glaciological studies in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 1998, 27: 333-337. Kawamura K, Parrenin F, Lisiecki L, et al. Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years[J]. Nature, 2007, 448(7156): 912-6. Millan R, Millan R. Comprehensive annual ice sheet velocity mapping using Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and RADARSAT-2 data[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(4)