新课程改革是本论文研究的主体背景。新课程改革强调以学生为主体，培养其兴趣，使学生主动学习，具有创新性思维。这种教育观念的变化促生了各种教学模式的出现，以教师为中心的传统教学方式开始被多种多样的教学模式所取代。作为地理教学新模式的一种，案例教学逐步出现在高中地理的教材和课堂中。本论文研究的主要目的是，设计有不同复杂程度的案例，力图探讨在不同复杂程度案例教学中，着重培养学生对地理现象的了解和对地理原理的理解。本论文的研究方法是选择合适的案例，剖析案例的教学环节，深入探究教学案例中的重点和难点，以及教学重点的把握、难点的突破方法。本论文所设计的案例以人教版高中地理必修一和必修二教材为基础，选取教材中有原理但没有相应的案例的课标要点，设计三个相应的印证地理学原理的教学案例。第一个案例涉及单自然圈层的水循环原理；第二个案例涉及多自然圈层（岩石圈、水圈、大气圈）之间交互作用的原理；第三个案例涉及自然圈层与人文因素相互作用的原理。设计的教学案例覆盖地理学中的自然地理学、人文地理学、区域地理学、地图和其他地理技术手段，每个案例有相应的中学地理教材内容接口。本论文的结论是不同复杂程度的印证地理学原理的教学案例应具有不同的教学侧重点，以培养学生对地理学原理的掌握及运用。结论具体内容如下：在单自然要素圈层的教学案例中要侧重抽象模式的建立；在多自然圈层内的教学案例中要强调圈层之间相互作用的整体性；在自然圈层和人文因素相互关系的案例中，要强调自然圈层是人文活动的基本舞台的概念。

This thesis is mainly based on the new curriculum reform which emphasizes on student-centered，cultivates the student interest，makes they study actively and haves innovativeness thinking. This change of the teaching opinion prompts the appearance of all kinds of teaching mode. The traditional teacher-centered teaching mode is gradually replaced by a variety of teaching mode. As one of the new geography teaching mode，case teaching is progressively present in the high school geography teaching material and classroom.The aim of this research is to design teaching case with different levels of complexity and emphasizes to cultivate students’ understanding of geographical phenomenon and geographical principles. The research method of this thesis is choosing suitable teaching cases，parsing teaching links of them，exploring the important and difficult points in teaching， holding the keynote and solving the difficult understanding points of teaching. The teaching cases designed in this thesis based on the textbooks for high school required course of Geography One and Geography Two，which were published by People’s Education Press. The cases are chosen under two principles. Firstly， they relate to the textbook but without teaching case. Secondly，they could show geographical processes or theories. The first case relates to the principle of water circulation in a single geosphere. The second case relates to the principle of the interaction between geospheres，lithosphere，hydrosphere and atmosphere. The third one refers to the principle of the interaction between natural and human spheres. These teaching cases cover Natural Geography，Human Geography，Regional Geography，cartography and other skills in the Geography. Each case has corresponding interface in the high school teaching materials. The conclusion of this thesis is that teaching case with different levels of complexity should have different teaching focus for students. Specific conclusions are as follow，the teaching case in single geosphere should focus on establishment of abstract model. The teaching case related to multiple geospheres should emphasize integrity of interaction between spheres. The teaching case refers to the intercation between natural and human should stress the concept that nature performances as the stage of human activities.