本文主要介绍战时统制经济与专卖制度的思想渊源，以及通过对专卖制度的分析探究战时统制经济的实效。战时统制经济是国民政府在抗战时期提出的特殊的紧急经济政策。战时统制经济政策的建立经历了思想理论的讨论和初步实践探索，世界主要资本主义国家在20世纪逐步进入国家垄断资本主义阶段，统制经济理论结构和实践探索逐步完善，为中国救亡图存提供了新的经济发展思路，国民政府出于满足持久抗战和军需民用的目的，决定实行战时统制经济政策，并于1941年正式建立战时统制经济体系，主要对金融、工农业、贸易等各方面进行国家管制。专卖制度是战时统制经济政策的重要内容之一，主要是对盐、糖、烟和火柴采取国家专卖，本文分别介绍了四种产品所实行的专卖政策以及产生的经济与社会效益。战时专卖制度为增加财政收入，保证战时物资供应，实现持久抗战做出重要贡献。

This paper mainly introduces the ideological origins of wartime controlled economy and monopoly system, and explores the effectiveness of wartime controlled economy through the analysis of monopoly system. The wartime controlled economy is a specific emergency economic policy proposed by the Nationalist government during the Anti-Japanese War. The establishment of the wartime control economic policy has gone through the discussion of ideological theory and preliminary practical exploration. The major capitalist countries in the world gradually entered the stage of state monopoly capitalism in the 20th century, while the theoretical structure and practical exploration of the control economy continuously improved, providing a new economic development idea for China to save the nation from subjugation. The national government decided to implement the wartime control economic policy in order to meet the purpose of the protracted Anti-Japanese War, military supplies and civilian use, and the wartime controlled economic system was officially established in 1941, mainly controlling various aspects such as finance, industry, agriculture and trade. The monopoly system is one of the important parts of wartime economic policies, especially adopting national monopoly on salt, sugar, tobacco, and matches. This paper introduces the monopoly policy implemented for the four products as well as the economic and social benefits. The wartime monopoly system made important contributions to increasing fiscal revenue, ensuring the supply of wartime materials, and achieving a lasting war of resistance.