党的二十大报告提出，坚持农业农村优先发展。特别是在现阶段我国城乡二元结构依旧存在，虽然城镇居民与农村居民的收入不断上升，但是总体城乡收入差距依旧高于国际贫困预警水平，这样的现状会影响我国高质量发展的目标要求，同时也会制约居民的生产积极性，不利于国家的可持续发展。而交通基础设施建设的不断完善，能够提高道路平稳性，增加运输路线的选择多样性，加强了地区与地区之间的联系交流，提高城乡经济的发展水平。同时由于我国的地理范围大，区位因素复杂多变，在空间差异的基础之上交通基础建设与城乡收入差距的关系也就不再是一成不变的，不同地区可能会存在不同的影响情况。因此，本文站在空间异质性角度，探究交通基础设施建设对我国城乡收入差距的影响，对因地制宜缩小城乡收入差距，推进我国乡村振兴进程、实现共同富裕有着重要意义。本文从直接和间接两个角度对交通基础设施建设和城乡收入差距的传导机制影响机理进行分析讨论，从直接效应来看，交通基础设施建设可以从促进劳动力流动、降低运输成本、加快技术扩散等三个角度来影响我国的城乡收入差距；从间接效应来看，交通基础设施建设由于自身的网络性和外部性特征，通过影响产业结构、区域溢出和贸易往来等方面作用于城乡收入差距。接着，本文以2020年我国270个地级市为研究样本，采用多尺度地理加权回归模型（MGWR）对其进行空间分析，主要得到以下结论：在我国，交通基础设施建设对我国城乡收入差距有显著的缩小作用，而城镇化、产业结构和教育水平对城乡收入差距都是起到了扩大效应；交通基础设施建设的影响存在显著的空间异质性特征，主要表现在对发达地区的收入差距缩小效果较小，对欠发达地区影响程度更高。最后，本文根据研究结论提出相关建议，一是因地制宜建设交通基础设施，推动区域协调发展；二是提升交通基础设施整体水平，改善交通质量；三是要充分考虑到城镇化、产业结构和教育水平对城乡收入差距的影响，减少其负外部性。本文可能的创新之处：以交通基础设施建设为核心解释变量，丰富了交通对城乡收入差距影响的理论机制；站在空间异质性角度，探讨了全国范围内不同地区，交通基础设施的影响差异性。

According to the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, agriculture and rural areas should be given priority. Especially at this stage, the urban-rural dual structure still exists, although the income of urban residents and rural residents continues to rise, but the overall urban-rural income gap is still higher than the international poverty warning level, such a situation will affect the goal requirements of our high quality development, but also restrict the enthusiasm of the residents in production, and is not conducive to the sustainable development of the country. The continuous improvement of transportation infrastructure construction can improve the stability of roads, increase the diversity of transportation routes, strengthen the communication between regions, accelerate the flow of production factor resources in different regions, give play to regional spillover driving effect, and improve the development of urban and rural economy. At the same time, due to the large geographical scope and complex and changeable location factors, the relationship between transportation infrastructure construction and urban-rural income gap on the basis of spatial differences is no longer static, and different regions may have different influences. Therefore, from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, this paper explores the impact of transportation infrastructure construction on the income gap between urban and rural areas, which is of great significance for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas according to local conditions, promoting the process of rural revitalization and realizing common prosperity.This paper analyzes and discusses the transmission mechanism of transportation infrastructure construction and income gap between urban and rural areas from direct and indirect perspectives. From the point of view of direct effect, transportation infrastructure construction can affect the income gap between urban and rural areas from three perspectives, such as promoting labor flow, reducing transportation cost and accelerating technological diffusion. From the perspective of indirect effect, transportation infrastructure construction, due to its network and externality characteristics, affects the urban-rural income gap by influencing industrial structure, regional spillover and trade. Then, this paper takes 270 prefecture-level cities in 2020 as research samples, adopts multi-scale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR) to carry out spatial analysis, and mainly draws the following conclusions: In our country, the construction of transportation infrastructure reduces the income gap between urban and rural areas significantly, and the urbanization, industrial structure and education have expanded effect. The impact of transport infrastructure construction has significant spatial heterogeneity, which is mainly manifested in that the income gap reduction effect is less in developed areas, and the impact degree is higher in less developed areas. Finally, based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions: first, to construct transportation infrastructure according to local conditions, to promote regional coordinated development; Second, to improve the overall level of transportation infrastructure, improve the quality of transportation; Third, the impact of urbanization, industrial structure and education level on urban-rural income gap should be fully taken into account to reduce its negative externalities.Possible innovations of this paper: taking transportation infrastructure construction as the core explanatory variable, it has enriched the theoretical mechanism of the impact of transportation on urban-rural income gap; From the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, the paper discusses the influence difference of transportation infrastructure in different regions across the country.