在经历了近40年的发展历程之后新移民文学已经成了海外华文文学当中最具活力的一个分支，与中国当代文学场域的紧密连结使其越来越成为当下海外华文文学研究的“热点现象”。脱胎于1980年代“留学生文学”的新移民文学与新时期以来中国文化的变迁有着密切的关联，1980年代的启蒙话语以及1990年代的全面世俗化进程都能够在新移民文学当中找到相应的“痕迹”，因此虽然作为一种“家国之外”的文学现象，但新移民作家的文化心态可以说与当代中国整体文化氛围密切相关，成为透视当代中国思想文化变迁的重要切入点。在新移民文学与中国当代文化之间的联系之外，不容忽视的是新移民文学对于海外华人“在地化”这一存在状态的反映，新移民文学时刻反映着海外华人社群在地化过程中的具体文化表现。本文以“文化离散”的视角来审视新移民作家这一群体，通过透视不同身份、地域的新移民作家、华文书写之外的新移民作家以及不同代际的新移民作家，力图呈现出新移民作家内部的多层脉络，以多维的视角尽可能呈现新移民作家文化心态的复杂性。

    在海外华文文学研究当中“中国性”问题可以说是一个“本源性”的命题，本文以文化心态意义上的“中国意识”来界定有开放性、流动性的“中国性”这一话语空间，同时引入“离散”这一极具弹性的理论话语，以“主体性”和“空间性”相结合的视角划分出新移民作家所处的不同“离散情境”，从多维度的离散视角呈现出新移民作家“中国意识”的复杂性是本文的主要研究路径。基于这一思路，本文在结构上以新移民作家所处的三种“离散情境”为主体，第一章以历时性的眼光分析了新移民文学从1980年代的“留学生文学”发展到当下的经典化、多元化局面，在表现出新移民文学不同阶段的具体面貌的同时，以整体性的视角总结新移民文学的整体诗学特质。第二、三、四章，分别围绕新移民作家所处的三种“离散情境”即“离散-归来”、“离散-在地化”以及“离散-游牧”，并选取代表性作家来分析三种情境下新移民作家“中国意识”的具体表征以及演变的历程。具体而言，第二章所关注的是“新移民海归作家”这一群体，并选取北岛、多多两个“离散-归来”的诗人为代表作家，一方面将1980年代以来从中国当代文学中“分离”出来的诗人纳入到海外华文文学的研究视域，同时以整体性的视野考察北岛、多多从“出走”到“归来”的整体创作脉络，透视二人生发于1980年代的中国意识在“离散-归来”脉络中的具体演变。第三章是以“在地化”的视野关注新移民作家在移居国“落地生根”这一文化心态，首先选取了海外华人文学当中英语写作的代表作家哈金，透视“英语写作”这一姿态背后的文化立场及其面对“中国”的态度；其次，将新加坡的新移民作家作为新移民作家“在地化”的另一个代表性案例，呈现出新加坡本土化脉络中新移民作家的文化心态，突出新加坡地域的特殊性以及在此基础上新一代华人移民作家“在地化”心态的新质。第四章所关注的是在传统“落叶归根”和“落地生根”两种华人生存状态之外的新移民作家即“跨国华人”视野中的新移民作家，强调的是其“离散-游牧”的离散情境以及文化心态，以当下新移民作家的代表人物严歌苓为个例，强调其在中西两个文化语境下以边缘的立场面对强势话语的姿态，同时还关注了新生代新移民作家薛忆沩，强调的是其基于深圳的“地方性”视角，因而在对比之下表现出新移民作家所携带的不同“中国经验”对自身“中国意识”所产生的影响。通过对以上三种“离散情境”下新移民作家“中国意识”的多维透视，本文意在强调作为一种文化观念的“中国”在海外华人当中的重要作用，同时也为从文学角度为探讨“中国何为？”提供一种尝试性的思路。

In overseas studies of Chinese literature, the question of "Chineseness" is an original problem. In this paper, "Chinese consciousness" in the sense of cultural mentality is used to define the open and fluid discourse space of "Chineseness". At the same time, it introduces the flexible theoretical discourse of "diaspora", and divides the different "diasporal situations" in which the new immigrant writers live from the perspective of "subjectivity" and "spatial". The main research path of this paper is to present the complexity of the new immigrant writers' "Chinese consciousness" from a multi-dimensional diaspora perspective. Based on this idea, the structure of this paper takes three "diasporal situations" of the new immigrant writers as the main body. The first chapter, from a diachronic perspective, analyzes the development of the new immigrant literature from the "foreign student literature" in the 1980s to the present. While presenting the specific features of the new immigrant literature in different stages, this chapter summarizes the overall quality of the new immigrant literature. The second, third and fourth chapters focus on three "diasporal situations" in which the new immigrant writers are located, namely, "Diaspora-Return", "Diaspora- Localization" and "Diaspora-Nomad" respectively, and select representative writers to analyze the specific representation and evolution process of the "Chinese consciousness" of the new immigrant writers in the three situations. To be specific, the second chapter focuses on the group of "new immigrant writers", and selects Bei Dao and Duo Duo, two "diaspora-returned" poets as the representative writers. This chapter brings the poets who have been "separated" from contemporary Chinese literature since the 1980s into the study of overseas Chinese literature. This chapter will explore the overall creative context of Bei Dao and Duo Duo from "leaving" to "returning", and explore the specific evolution of Chinese consciousness in the context of "diaspora-return", which originated in the 1980s. The third chapter focuses on the new immigrant writers' cultural mentality of "taking root" in their adopted countries from the perspective of "localization". Firstly， this chapter selects Ha Jin, a representative writer of English writing among overseas Chinese literature, through the cultural standpoint behind "English writing" to explore his attitude toward "China". Secondly, this chapter takes the new immigrant writers in Singapore as another representative case of the "localization" of the new immigrant writers. This case attempts to present the cultural mentality of the new immigrant writers in the context of Singapore localization, highlighting the particularity of Singapore and the new quality of the "localization" mentality of the new generation of Chinese immigrant writers on this basis. The fourth chapter focuses on the new immigrant writers outside the traditional living conditions of "returning to the roots" and "taking root", that is, the new immigrant writers from the perspective of "transnational Chinese", which emphasizes the "diaspora - nomad" diasporal situation and cultural mentality. Taking Yan Geling, the representative of the new immigrant writers, as an example, this chapter emphasizes her attitude of facing the powerful discourse from a marginal position in the two cultural contexts of China and the West. Meanwhile, it also focuses on Xue Yi Wei, the new generation of new immigrant writers, and emphasizes his "local" perspective based on Shenzhen. By contrast, it shows the influence of different "Chinese experiences" carried by the new immigrant writers on their own "Chinese consciousness". Through a multi-dimensional perspective of the "Chinese consciousness" of the new immigrant writers in the above three "diasporal situations", this paper aims to emphasize the important role of "China" as a cultural concept among overseas Chinese. At the same time, the text also aims to explore "What is China?" from a literary perspective. Offers a kind of tentative thought.