大量研究和事实表明，教育是全社会的一项事业，具有促进社会发展和平等的功能，只有动用全社会的力量，政府、企业和家庭三者共同努力，才能促进教育的良性发展。这三类主体在做出教育投资的决策时，彼此相互作用、相互影响，构成了整个教育投资系统。以往的研究往往不考虑三者之间的关系，而只是单独对三者分别进行分析，这明显是与事实不符的。本文将在以往研究的基础上，在家庭教育投资决策中引入公共教育财政政策，希望对家庭教育投资决策与公共教育财政政策之间的相互关系做一简单的分析，其中重点研究了不同政策背景下的家庭教育投资占家庭收入的比例。首先，本文介绍了国内外有关家庭教育投资的理论及实证研究。国外学者主要采用最优化或博弈论的方法，对家庭教育投资的动机及影响因素进行分析。而国内的研究与之相比则相对滞后，在研究内容、方法和深度上都存在很大差距。其次，本文对政府介入教育投资的原因进行了说明，并在此基础上介绍了公共教育财政政策的概念、内容以及目标，进而阐述了在分析家庭教育投资决策时引入公共教育财政政策这一背景的必要性。第三，本文通过对家庭教育投资决策过程的分析，建立了最优化框架下的一般决策模型。对家长的最优决策、家庭教育投资比例进行了讨论，主要分析了收入、价格变动的影响。通过分析，我们得到子女的受教育水平随着收入的增加或价格的下降而增加；家长的“自身消费”与收入同向变动，但是与教育的价格无关；同时，家庭支出中教育投资占比取决于子女的受教育水平的收入弹性和价格弹性的大小。第四，本文分析了当家长的效用函数满足柯布—道格拉斯形式时，不同财政政策背景下的家庭教育投资决策。我们发现，子女的受教育水平在三种财政政策背景下都有所提高，而家庭教育投资比例在强制供给背景下不变，却在价格补贴和收入补贴背景下都上升了。最后，我们对本文的研究进行了总结，并对分析中存在的不足和进一步可开展的工作进行了说明。本文的主要贡献在于考虑了外界环境（政府的公共教育财政政策）对家庭教育投资决策的影响，为下一步对教育投资中的政府与家庭的互动关系分析提供了导向，具有一定的应用性。但本文的研究仍存在很多不足的地方，有待在后续的工作中加以改进和完善。

A large number of research and facts show that education is a cause of the whole society with the function of promoting the social development and equality. Only with the mutual effort of the government, enterprises and families, the sound development of education could be achieved. The decision-making process of the three entities in the education investment is interacted, in which way constitutes the system of the entire education investment. The precedent studies often conducted the analysis separately, ignoring the relationship among the three entities, which is clearly inconsistent with the facts. Based on the precedent studies, the paper introduces the public education fiscal policy into the family education decision-making. The paper attempts to conduct an indicative analysis on the mutual effect between family education investment and public education fiscal policy, with a focused analysis on the different family education investment proportion in the context different public education fiscal policy. First of all, the paper introduces the theory and empirical studies on the family education investment home and abroad. Foreign scholars mainly adopt the methodology of Optimum Theory or game theory to analysis the motivation and effect factor on family education investment. However, the domestic research is lagging behind in terms of study content, methodology and depth, which turns out to be just follow-up study.Secondly, based on the explanation of the cause for the government’s intervene on the education investment, the second part of the paper introduces the concept, content and policy objectives of public education fiscal policy, in which way illustrates the essentiality of the introduction of public education fiscal policy.Thirdly, with the analysis on the decision-making process of family investment, the paper establishes the general decision-making model under the framework of Optimum Theory. The paper discusses the optimal decision-making for parents and the proportion of family investment, with a focus on the effect of the change on family income and price. Based on the analysis, the paper concludes that education level of the children improves with the increase of family income and the decrease of the education cost. The self-consumption of parents changes in the same direction with the family income, but has nothing to do with education cost. The education investment proportion depends on the income elasticity and price elasticity of the education level of the children chose by the parents.Fourth, the paper analyzes the family education investment decision-making in the context of different fiscal policy, when the utility function of the parents meets the Cobb - Douglas form. We found that the level of education of children has increased in the context of the three fiscal policies, and the proportion of household investment in education is the same in the context of compulsory supply, but has increased in terms of price subsidies and income supplements.Finally, we study in this article summarizes and analyzes The main contribution of the paper is that it considers the effect of external environment (the Government's fiscal policy in public education) on the family education investment decision-making. The paper provides an applicable guideline for the next phase study on the dynamic interactive relationship between government and family. However, the paper is just a preliminary analysis with much deficiency in the analysis, which would be improved in the follow-up studies.