现代社会中一个民族的凝聚和发展离不开文化的重要促进作用，文化实力正在发展成为一个国家综合国力的重要内容，中国在开展外交关系的建设中高度重视文化软实力的重要作用。中国对中亚国家的软实力的构建是新时代中国对中亚整体外交的重要组成部分，对中国的政治塑造力、经济影响力和文化亲和力构建意义重大，也与美国在中亚的软实力的构建形成鲜明对比。本研究试图从宏观层面对中国和美国在中亚的软实力的构建资源、手段以及成效进行系统梳理。通过中国和美国在中亚国家软实力的构建的实现路径以及当前的现状进行对比，发现中国在中亚地区所实施的软实力的构建的政策和实现路径有什么特殊性，并分析其中的原因，对提升中国在中亚软实力外交水平有重要的意义。

本文以马克思辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义研究方法为基本指导方针，采用历史分析法、层次分析法、案例分析、比较分析方法，结合理论研究、历史事件及时政新闻来透析中国和美国对中亚的软实力的构建的异同。同时，基于约瑟夫·奈软权力理论，并借鉴不同学者对软实力理论的阐释，本文将软实力归纳为权力资源、运用资源的能力和接受者的接受程度这三个分析维度，随后从这三个维度出发，对软实力构建的资源、实践工具和效果进行比较和评估。最终得出相关结论：（1）“一带一路”背景下中国与中亚地区的联系更加密切，中国的发展希望可以有更大的影响力和话语权，但是同时又面临着一些舆论以及怀疑，在这种情况下，如何能够平衡发展，既能保证中国在中亚软实力的加强，又能避免引起一些利益以及其他方面的冲突，实现和平崛起是中国要考虑的问题，对于中亚各国也有着重要的影响。（2）美国在中亚的软实力的构建是凭借强大的综合国力，来保证自己绝对优势的地位，一直保持着单方面的软实力的构建输出。另外美国雄厚的软实力的构建实力往往使其他国家难以对美国进行相对等的回应。美国只是在中亚各国不断展示美国的伟大、美国技术的先进和美国文化的发达，却对真实的中亚各国知之甚少，这就导致了两方难以平等的交流。（3）中国对中亚国家的软实力的构建包括建立孔子学院、宣传中国发展道路、发展中国旅游业、建立文化代表处、介绍中国发展模式、促进中国经典作品外译和促进中国与中亚的文化交流为主要形式，是中国对中亚整体外交的重要组成部分，服务于中国和中亚各国人民之间的”民心相通”。（4）中美两国在中亚软实力构建相似的地方在于都通过教育合作方、文化交流、信息交流等方面对于中亚的软实力进行分别的构建，相对于中国来说，美国在对中亚软实力的构建上具有更好的条件，因此获得了更为突出的成效。对比中国，美国在医疗环保领域方面的软实力构建成效更为明显。美国在中亚软实力的构建条件包括有完善的外交理论体系指导、领先的网络技术等。中美两国对中亚软实力的构建取得的成效也因为目标和手段的差异有所不同，中国方面主要是让中国国家形象提升迅速，并且推动了区域合作，而美国方面更多的是促进中亚地区发展以及增加美国在中亚影响力。（5）从美国在中亚软实力构建的经验方面可以为中国在中亚软实力的构建继续提供一些借鉴，中国需要始终坚持睦邻友好的外交政策，以推动自身和中亚地区的共同发展作为长远目标，进一步深化中国同中亚国家睦邻友好与互利合作，共促发展、共谋繁荣、共同构建中国-中亚国家命运共同体。

The cohesion and development of a nation in modern society cannot be separated from the important role of culture. Cultural strength is becoming an important part of a country's comprehensive national strength. China attaches great importance to the important role of cultural soft power in the construction of diplomatic relations. The construction of China's soft power towards Central Asian countries is an important part of China's overall diplomacy towards Central Asia in the new era, which is of great significance to the construction of China's political shaping power, economic influence and cultural affinity, and also forms a sharp contrast with the construction of America's soft power in Central Asia. This study attempts to systematically sort out the resources, means and effects of China and the United States on the construction of soft power in Central Asia from a macro level. Through the comparison of the realization path and current status quo of China and the United States in the construction of soft power in Central Asian countries, we can find out the particularity of China's soft power construction policy and realization path in Central Asia, and analyze the reasons, which is of great significance to improve China's level of soft power diplomacy in Central Asia.

This paper takes Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism research methods as the basic guidelines, adopts historical analysis, analytic hierarchy process, case analysis, comparative analysis methods, and combines theoretical research, historical events and current political news to analyze the comparison between China and the United States in the construction of soft power in Central Asia. At the same time, on the basis of Joseph Nai's power theory, drawing lessons from different scholars' interpretations of the soft power theory, soft power is summarized into three analysis dimensions: power resources, ability to use resources, and acceptor's acceptance. Then, from these three dimensions, the resources, practical tools, and effects of soft power construction are compared and evaluated. Finally, relevant conclusions are drawn: (1) In the context of the“The Belt and Road Initiative”, China has closer ties with Central Asia, and China hopes to have greater influence and voice in its development, but at the same time, it faces some public opinions and doubts. In this case, how to balance development can not only ensure the strengthening of China's soft power in Central Asia, but also avoid some conflicts of interests and other aspects, The realization of peaceful rise is an issue for China to consider and has an important impact on Central Asian countries. (2) The construction of the United States' soft power in Central Asia is based on its strong comprehensive national strength to ensure its absolute advantage, and has always maintained the construction and output of unilateral soft power. In addition, the strong soft power of the United States often makes it difficult for other countries to respond to the United States relatively. The United States only shows its greatness, advanced technology and advanced culture in Central Asian countries, but knows little about the real Central Asian countries, which leads to the difficulty of equal exchanges between the two sides. (3) The construction of China's soft power towards Central Asian countries includes the establishment of Confucius Institutes, the promotion of China's development path, the development of China's tourism industry, the establishment of cultural representative offices, the introduction of China's development model, the promotion of the translation of Chinese classics and the promotion of cultural exchanges between China and Central Asia. It is an important part of China's overall diplomacy towards Central Asia and serves the“people to people” between China and Central Asian countries. (4) Both China and the United States have built their soft power in Central Asia through education partners, cultural exchanges, information exchanges and other aspects. Compared with China, the United States has better conditions on the components of the soft power in Central Asia, so it has achieved more outstanding results. Compared with China, the construction of soft power in the field of medical and environmental protection has achieved more obvious results. The construction conditions of the United States' soft power in Central Asia include the guidance of a sound diplomatic theoretical system, leading network technology, etc. The achievements made by the two countries in building the soft power in Central Asia are also different because of the differences in goals and means. China mainly promotes China's national image and regional cooperation, while the United States more promotes the development of Central Asia and increases the United States' influence in Central Asia. (5) From the experience of the United States in the construction of soft power in Central Asia, we can continue to provide some reference for China in the construction of soft power in Central Asia. China needs to always adhere to the good neighborly and friendly foreign policy, take promoting the common development of itself and Central Asia as the long-term goal, and further deepen the good neighborly, friendly and mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Central Asian countries. To jointly promote development, seek prosperity and jointly build a community of common destiny for China and Central Asian countries.