改革开放后，伴随着社会结构的变化与政府职能的转变，社区治理面临新的机遇与挑战。本研究由微观视角切入，将研究问题聚焦于城市社区多元主体与社区善治，通过梳理与观察城市社区治理的相关研究与实践，并以元治理理论为指导构建本研究“党政为核，多元共治”的分析框架。分析框架聚焦“党组织与政府、社区居民委员会、驻区单位与社会自组织、社区居民”四大类主体，探究它们在推动社区善治中的功能定位与协同模式。本研究选取20个城市社区治理案例作为研究样本，将社区善治程度视为结果变量，并将上述四大类主体的作用发挥情况作为条件变量，采用四值模糊集间接校准法对案例初始数据进行校准，使用fsQCA3.0软件对校准后数据进行必要性分析和条件组合分析。

研究发现，在我国当前基层治理情境中，“党组织与政府”不仅是推动社区善治的必要条件，而且在引导其他主体参与社区治理，建构具有中国特色的社区治理模式，进而推动社区善治的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。尤其在社区居民自治意识与能力较为孱弱的情况下，“党组织与政府”能够通过与“社区居民委员会”或“驻区单位和社会组织”的协作，采取“主副核联动”行动策略和“组织培育”行动策略提升居民公民意识和社会组织治理效能，培养社区自治能力，进而提升社区善治水平。在社区居民自治意识和能力较强情况下，党组织与政府更加强调划清职能边界、放权赋能，支持并鼓励“社区居委会”和“居民”发挥更大的能动性，以“高度自治”模式进一步提升社区善治水平。

基于上述实证分析结论并结合社区治理的理论与实践，本研究认为多元主体在推动社区善治的实践中可借鉴以下行动策略：当社区处于“发展”阶段，多元主体的首要工作应为社区“催熟”，即通过党建引领，培育社会组织，划清政府职能边界，激活居委会自治属性，强化居民自治意识与能力等方式，培养社区自治能力，降低社区对政府的依赖惯性，推动社区向“成熟型社区”转变，进而为社区以“高度自治”实现善治创造有利条件。本研究在细化社区治理理论的同时，为促进社区治理主体结构的创新与完善，多元主体参与社区治理的功能定位与协同策略提供了参考经验，有助于推动我国社区实现善治。

After the reform and opening up, along with the changes in social structure and the transformation of government functions, community governance faces new opportunities and challenges. This study starts from a micro perspective and focuses on the issue of multiple subjects and good community governance in urban communities. By combing and observing the relevant theories and practices of urban community governance, we construct an analytical framework for this study based on the theory of meta-governance. The analytical framework focuses on the four main categories of "party organizations and governments, community residents' committees, resident units and social self-organizations, and community residents", and explores their functions and positions in promoting good community governance. In this study, 20 urban community governance cases are selected as research samples, and the degree of good community governance is regarded as the outcome variable, and the functioning of the above four types of subjects is regarded as the conditional variable. The four-valued fuzzy set indirect calibration method is used to calibrate the initial data of the cases, and the fsQCA3.0 software is used to conduct necessity analysis and conditional combination analysis on the calibrated data.

The study found that in China's current grass-roots governance situation, “party organizations and the government” are not only a necessary condition for promoting good community governance, but also play a crucial role in guiding the participation of other main bodies in community governance, forming a model of community governance with Chinese characteristics, and thus promoting good community governance. Especially in the case of weak self-governance consciousness and ability of community residents, the Party and the government can work together with the community residents' committees or the units and social organizations in the district, adopting the "main and vice" approach. In the case of weak community residents, the Party and the government can work together with the community residents' committee or the units and social organizations in the district to enhance the civic awareness of the residents and the effectiveness of the social organizations in governance, and to cultivate the capacity of community self-governance, so as to enhance the level of good governance in the community. In the case of community residents' strong sense of self-governance and capacity, the Party and the government have placed more emphasis on delineating the boundaries of their functions, delegating power and empowering them, supporting and encouraging the "community committee" and "residents" to play a greater role, and further enhancing the community's self-governance with the "high degree of autonomy" model to further enhance the level of good community governance.

Based on the conclusion of the above empirical analysis and taking into account the theory and practice of community governance,this study believes that the following action strategies can be drawn upon by the pluralistic subjects in promoting the practice of good governance in the community: when the community is in the "development" stage, the primary task of the pluralistic subjects should be to "promote maturity" of the community, namely Cultivate the community's self-governance ability, reduce the community's dependence and inertia, and promote the transformation of the community into a "mature community" through the leadership of party building, cultivating social organizations,demarcating the boundaries of government functions,activating the self-governance attributes of neighborhood committees, and strengthening the residents' awareness of self-governance and capacity, thus creating a favorable environment for the community to achieve good governance with a "high degree of autonomy". This will create favorable conditions for the community to realize good governance with "high degree of autonomy". While refining the theory of community governance, this study provides reference experience for the innovation and improvement of the structure of community governance subjects, the functional positioning and synergistic strategy of multiple subjects participating in community governance, and helps to promote the realization of good governance in China's communities.