论文简介改革开放30年来，我国城市化率从20%左右提高到44.9% （2007年我国总人口132129万人，名义城市化率是44.9%），设市城市从193个发展到655个，建制镇从2173个发展到19369个，城镇人口达到5.9亿，城市化建设已成为推动我国经济增长、社会进步的重要手段。作为重要资源和生产要素的土地对城市化的发展发挥了极其重要的作用，特别是中国城市化走的是外延式发展道路，城市集约化发展不高，城市存量土地的利用效率相对低下，城市的面积不断扩大，侵占大量农用地转化为城市的商业、建设等用地。由于中国城乡的二元土地所有制结构，产权不明晰、城乡之间存在级差地租的极大剪刀差，由于现存的财政体制原因，卖地成为许多地方政府获得发展经济的资本积累。这种情况造成许多副面影响，诸如粮食安全问题、土地收益分配不均问题、“土地财政”问题、征地拆迁损害群众利益等问题。由于中国的经济发展模式是政府主导的市场经济，地方政府官员有政绩考核的压力，加强投资是地方政府管理者的理性选择，投资的要素之一就是政府代理管理的土地，而且城市的产出效益远远大于农村土地，因此就出现这样的情况：中国的城市边缘以粗放式不断蔓延，城镇规模不断升级，土地出让金成为地方发展的重要资金。本文针对现在城市土地利用中存在的问题进行研究，主要解决土地利用中的土地产权问题，提出给予农民明确的产权和市场交易的主权；完善土地市场，界定政府在市场中角色和行为，发展完善土地一级市场、活跃土地二级市场；解决土地财政问题，提出严格管理土地出让金管理、建立财产税的观点，化解财政困境；解决土地利用中的金融问题，防范金融风险，发行土地债券；指出城市地价和房价之间相互作用的关系。关键词： 产权 土地市场 土地财政 金融风险 土地价格

Briefing papers30 years of reform and opening up, China urbanization rate from 20% to 44.9% (in 2007 the total population of China is 1,321,290,000, the urbanization rate is 44.9%), the development of cities from 193 to 655, the development of towns from 2173 to 19,369, to reach 590 million urban population.Urbanization and construction have become important means of China’s economic growth and social progress.The development of urbanization has played an extremely important role, especially following China’s urbanization is the extensive development of roads, urban intensive development is not high, the stock of urban land use efficiency is relatively low, expanding the area of the city, occupying a large number of agricultural land into a commercial city, and construction sites. China’s urban and rural areas as a result of the dual structure of land ownership, property rights are not clear, land rent, as a result of the reasons for the existing fiscal system, land access to many local governments to develop the economy of capital accumulation. This situation has resulted in many negative impact, such as food security, the issue of uneven distribution of land revenue, the land of financial issues, the land acquisition relocation and other issues harm the interests of the masses. As China’s economic development model is a government-led market economy, and performance evaluation of local government officials to pressure local governments to increase investment managers is a rational choice, the investment is one of the elements of the management of government land agent, and the output of the town efficiency is much larger than rural land, so this happens on: China’s urban fringe to keep the spread of extensive urban-scale escalating land transfer payments become an important local development funds. This article is the existence of urban land use issues in research, mainly to solve the land-use issues of land ownership, proposed to give the farmers a clear property rights and the sovereignty of market transactions; perfect land market, defining the role of government in the market and conduct well-developed land market, an active secondary market for land; to solve the financial problems of land, the strict management of land transfer payment management, the establishment of property tax point of view, resolving financial difficulties; resolve the land use of the financial problems and guard against financial risks, the issue of land bonds; pointed out that the relationship between the urban land prices and the housing prices.Key Word : Property ; The land market ; Land financial; Financial risks; Land prices