20世纪初，清政府为救亡图存，实施新政改革，向西方学习建立近代警察制度，实行教育改革。但由于大多国人并不了解西方警察的具体含义及功能，清政府先后在北京建立了警务学堂和高等巡警学堂，以普及警察知识和培养警察人才。 京师高等巡警学堂的前身是京师警务学堂。京师警务学堂是我国警察教育的滥觞，该学堂在日本人的全权管理下，聘请了大量日本教习教授警察知识，开展速成教育，一定程度上满足了清政府对普通巡警的需求。但是，警察教育权旁落严重损害了我国国权，清政府为了削弱日本对警察教育权的控制，培养适合我国社会现实的警官人才，建立符合当时社会结构的警官体制，与日本展开斡旋，最终将京师警务学堂更名为京师高等巡警学堂，收回了警察教育权。除此之外，建立京师警务学堂还受到其他因素的影响，如发挥北京首善之区优势、警官需求增多、留日学生陆续回国等等。 此后，我国警察教育进入自主发展阶段。首先，在生源及学生管理方面，吸收科举制废除后社会遗留的“举贡监生”等传统读书人，制定了符合民众观念的入学标准和毕业后奖励出身的政策；其次是在课程内容方面，将西方知识与本国政治制度、地理详情、现行法规等相结合；最后，在教习构成方面，通过裁减日本教习，聘请归国留学生、警察官吏等措施，实现了教习构成在比例上的转变。 这种社会背景下，京师高等巡警学堂较警务学堂，呈现出独有的特点，即清政府掌握警察教育自主权后，试图进一步摆脱西方影响而客观上又不得不借鉴、效仿西方的矛盾心态。主要体现在两个方面：一是从中日关系来看，担任警官教育的教习由留日学生替代了最初日本人，呈现出清廷试图摆脱日本，却又“藕断丝连”的现象；二是从教育理念来看，在仿行宪政的政治环境影响下，清末的高等巡警学堂不仅增加了大量的法律课程的学习，同时学堂加强了警官为专制皇权服务的教育，反映了清末统治者试图利用西方法制维护专制统治的矛盾心态。 总的来看，从西方传入的近代警察观念，经过清政府积极的警察教育实践，充分发挥北京首善之区的示范与辐射作用，推动了西方警察教育在我国的普及，为近代警察建设培养了人才。同时，伴随着各地警察教育的发展，清政府为统一管理，先后制定了一系列的警察章程，从而推动我国警察的体制化，为近代警察建设的发展奠定了基础。

At the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese society faced a major change in the past two thousand years. The concept of modern police began to be introduced into China from the West. The Qing government began the New Deal reform in order to save the nation from peril. Police and education are important contents. At the same time, most people still do not understand the specific meaning and function of the police, and lack of specialized personnel in the modern police system. In response, the Qing government established a police school and a high-ranking patrol school in Beijing to popularize police knowledge and train police personnel. The Beijing Normal Police School is the beginning of police education in China. Under the full authority of the Japanese, the school has hired a large number of Japanese teachers to teach the police knowledge and carry out accelerated education. To a certain extent, it meets the Qing government's demand for ordinary patrols. However, the fall of the right to police education has seriously damaged China’s national power. In order to weaken Japan’s control over the right to police education, the Qing government cultivates police officers who are suitable for the reality of our society, establishes a police officer system that conforms to the social structure of the time, and conducts mediation with Japan. The Jingshi Police School was renamed the Jingshi High School of Police and recovered the police education. In addition, the establishment of the Jingshi Police School is also affected by other factors, such as the advantages of Beijing's first good district, the increased demand of police officers, and the return of Japanese students to China. Since then, China's police education has entered the stage of independent development. First of all, in terms of student resources and student management, the traditional scholars such as the “Gonggong Supervisor” left behind by the society after the abolition of the imperial examination system have formulated the admission criteria that conform to the popular concept and the policy of rewarding after graduation. Secondly, in terms of course content, Western knowledge is combined with national political systems, geographical details, and current regulations. Finally, in terms of teaching composition, the reduction in the proportion of teaching composition has been achieved through the reduction of Japanese teaching, the recruitment of returned international students, and police bureaucrats. Under this social background, the Beijing Normal University patrol school is more unique than the police school. It shows that after the Qing government mastered the autonomy of police education, it tried to further get rid of the influence of the West and objectively had to learn from and emulate the Western contradictory mentality. . It is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, from the perspective of Sino-Japanese relations, the training of police officers has replaced the original Japanese by Japanese students, showing the phenomenon that the Qing court tried to get rid of Japan, but it was “disconnected”; In terms of the concept, under the influence of the political environment of imitation constitutionalism, the higher patrol school in the late Qing Dynasty not only increased the study of a large number of legal courses, but also strengthened the education of police officers for the autocratic imperial power, reflecting the attempt by the rulers in the late Qing Dynasty to use the Western method. Maintain the contradictory mentality of authoritarian rule. In general, the modern police concept introduced from the West, in the Qing government to grasp the police education right, through the Qing government's active police education practice, give full play to the demonstration and radiation role of Beijing's first good district, and promote the popularization of Western police education in China. , trained talents for the construction of modern police. At the same time, along with the development of police education in various places, the Qing government has unified a series of police regulations, which has promoted the institutionalization of the police in China and laid the foundation for the development of modern police construction.