宋神宗元丰初年的太学案，揭露出学官收受贿赂，升舍不公的犯罪行为。案件涉及人员众多，成分复杂，是一桩大案。熙宁四年太学改革中赋予学官过大权力，正是太学案发生的制度根源。宋人引入了“行”、“艺”的双重考核标准，以分权制衡为指导思想完善太学制度设计，取得了不错的效果。哲宗即位以后，太学案的定案结论被两次推翻，折射出神宗之后政局的多变与混乱。

In the early Yuan-Feng Period (1078-1079) under the reign of Emperor Shengzong, the officials serving in Imperial College were accused of fraudulent practices and bribery. Many officials and civilians were involved in the case. It was the uncontrolled power officials in the College had possessed since the year of 1072 that led to the institutional corruption. New rules were made to balance the power and they did prevent bribery from happening again. However, the judgement of the case varied twice because of political changes in the reign of Emperor Zhezong, indicating Song was suffering a serious political chaos.