本文参考了国内外学者对汉英平比句的研究，从汉语角度，先对汉语平比句从句法和语义上进行了划分，将其分为实比平比句和虚比平比句。实比平比句笔者着重讨论了汉语的“跟……一样”和英语的“as…as”,虚比平比句着重讨论了汉语的“像……一样”和英语的“as if”和“like”。然后基于50万字的汉语语料，找出所有典型的汉语平比句及其对应的英语翻译，采用定量统计的研究方法，对英语和汉语平比句进行了数据统计、对比分析，并进一步总结出汉译英时的翻译倾向、对应句式、结构特点，并尝试说明其原因，概括其内在规律。通过考察，我们发现文学作品中虚比平比句使用频率远高于实比平比句。实比平比句中，汉语常用“和/跟/同……一样”来表达，英译按使用频率由高到低依次为“like”、“as”和“as…as”，其否定形式的译法倾向于用“be different from”；虚比平比句中，汉语用“像……一样”等短语，汉语的“像似结构”英译倾向于用“as if”，汉语的“比况结构”英译倾向于用“like”， 综合所有的译法，汉语平比句英译为“like”的比例最高，而“as…as”作为形式上典型的平比句结构，却比例很低。“as…as”结构既可以用于实比，也可以用于虚比，但是只有“X跟/像Y一样”后面加上形容词的时候才有可能译为“as…as”，此外，“as…as”常用于异质比较（heterogeneous comparison）和动态比较（dynamic comparison），而这一点与汉语平比句结构不相对应。其否定形式也与汉语平比不同，仅仅是形式上的否定，表达的是差比概念。“as if”常常表达虚拟语气，其语法手段是变换时态，这是汉语和英语语法较为典型的相异之处。除此之外，本文还列出英译中大量的词汇式平比句和意会式平比句。在考察汉译英语料的基础上，本文还对汉语学习者平比句可能出现错误做出假设，设制了一份调查问卷，发现学生对平比句中表示虚比的情况认识不清，对入句情况的掌握也有很大偏差，可见他们没有发现并掌握汉语中的隐性规律，如词重音及停顿的问题。基于以上结论，本文针对目前对外汉语教学的语法教学及教材编写提出了几点建议。

Referring to the studies on equality comparative construction of Chinese and English by domestic and international scholars and with Chinese perspective, this article first divides Chinese equality comparative construction into the real and the unreal. Then it finds all Chinese equality comparative construction and the corresponding English translation based upon Chinese corpus with 500,000 characters. It adopts a quantitative research method for statistical and contrastive analysis on equality comparative construction of Chinese and English, so as to summarize the translation propensity, corresponding sentence pattern and structure characteristics during translation from Chinese into English. Furthermore, it tries to explain the reasons and generalize the internal rules.Through inspection, we found the frequency for the use of unreal equality comparative construction is higher than the real in literal works. In real equality comparative construction, Chinese usually uses “和/跟/同……一样”, while English tends to take “like”, “as”, “as...as” and “be different from” for negative form translation; English usually uses “like” for comparative cases in Chinese. Take a overall look at all translation methods, such case is most common in Chinese equality comparative construction, although as a typical form of equality comparative construction, “as…as” takes a relatively low percentage. “as…as” structure could be applied in both real and unreal equality comparative construction, but only could be used when adjectives are following “X跟/像Y一样”. Moreover, “as…as” usually is applied in heterogeneous comparison and dynamic comparison, which doesn’t match with Chinese equality comparative construction structure. It also differentiates in negative form with Chinese equality comparative construction. Such differentiation is only in form and delivers comparing notions. “as if” is usually applied in subjunctive mood with tenses transformation as grammatical means, which constitutes as a typical differentiation in Chinese and English grammars. In addition, the article also lists bundles of lexicon and sense making equality comparative construction in English translation.On basis of inspecting Chinese-English translation corpus, this article also makes an assumption on possible mistakes in equality comparative construction by beginners of Chinese learning, and designs a questionnaire. It turns out that students don’t have a clear understanding for unreal cases in equality comparative construction, and differentiates significantly in their grasp of sentences. It is thus clear that they haven’t found and grasped the hidden rules in Chinese, word stress and pause, for instance.Bases upon the above conclusions, the article proposes suggestions on grammar teaching and preparation of the textbooks for current external Chinese education.