太阳能电池在人类的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本论文中，首先，对太阳能电池的原理、太阳能电池的性能及太阳能电池的发展和应用作了系统的介绍，使人们对太阳能电池有一个总体的认识。然后，通过分析太阳能电池中存在的影响其电学特性的实际因素，得出太阳能电池的等效电路；并对等效电路进行数值仿真，分析太阳能电池中等效串联电阻Rs和等效并联电阻Rsh对太阳能电池输出伏安特性的影响。最后，通过实验测量单晶硅和多晶硅太阳能电池组件的伏安特性曲线，结合仿真模型,对太阳能电池的等效串联电阻Rs、最大输出功率Pm、填充因子FF和光电转换效率η等进行推算,进而对太阳能电池的性能做出了简单的评价。

Solar cells play an increasingly important role in our daily life. In this Paper, firstly, for a general understanding of the background knowledge, we systematically described the theories, properties, development and applications of solar cells. Then, based on the analysis of the factors that affect the electrical properties of solar cells, we modeled a solar cell by an equivalent circuit. By simulating this equivalent circuit, we analyzed the influence of the equivalent series resistance Rs and equivalent parallel resistance Rsh on the volt-ampere characteristics of solar cells. Finally, we experimentally measured the volt-ampere characteristics of the mono-crystalline silicon and poly silicon solar cells. According to experiment data and the simulation of the equivalent circuit, we estimated the value of the equivalent series resistance Rs, maximum output power Pm, fill factor FF and photoelectric conversion efficiency η of the solar cells, and, moreover, evaluated their electrical properties.