本文在泊松分布模型的基础上，考虑国家制度因素对该国面临的贸易摩擦的影响，利用1995-2015年期间世界贸易组织58个成员国贸易案件数量的观测值和对应时间内的制度水平，形成109组有效数据，考察了国家制度水平对该国遭遇的贸易摩擦水平的影响。研究发现，政府规模缩小虽然增加了经济自由度，但是不利于减小国家的贸易摩擦；国家对国际贸易的限制政策会加剧国家间贸易摩擦；但是国家对自身内部信贷、劳动和生产市场的管理限制有利于减少贸易摩擦的发生；另外从国家治理的角度，法治水平越高的国家往往面临的贸易摩擦越小。在国际贸易中分歧纠纷不可避免，国家想要更好地适应经济全球化的环境，在国际市场中求得稳定繁荣发展，应当从自身制度层面着手，更好地适应国际贸易环境，促进营造一个健康稳定的竞争环境和可持续发展的国际市场。

Based on Poisson Distribution Model, the article focuses on institutional effect on trade friction. The study collects the number of consultation and dispute settlement cases, and institutional indicators of 58 member countries of WTO from 1995 to 2015, and finally gets 109 effective samples to test the influence of Institutional level of a country on the extent of trade friction that she experienced. The result shows that despite increase in economic freedom, freedom in size of government goes against with reducing trade friction. Additionally, barriers of trade internationally contribute to trade friction, in contrast, domestic regulation on credit, labor, and production market benefits the release of trade friction. Moreover, from the perspective of governance, better performance in rule of law can guarantee less trade friction. Trade conflicts usually happen during international trade inevitably. In order to adapt themselves better to globalization and get prosperous development in the international market, countries should think about the big picture from the perspective of institutional quality, adjust themselves to international competition, and help to establish a healthy competitive environment as well as a sustainable international trade market.