研究目的：体教融合视域下培养青少年体育后备人才是新时代建设体育强国的重要工作，科学训练作为重要保障手段是需要关注的问题，而运动负荷监控是实现科学训练的重要手段。本文通过采集对比分析小学不同田径项目运动员训练时段心率，探讨心率指标在小学田径运动队训练中的作用和指导意义，为小学田径运动队科学训练、合理安排运动负荷，及小学田径运动员健康成长、提高运动能力提供理论参考和实践指导。

研究方法：选取北京市西城区某小学田径运动队24名运动员为实验对象，其中男生11人，女生13人，采用可穿戴设备Polar Verity Sense心率臂带对小学田径队短跑200m、400m项目运动员及跳高项目运动员训练阶段心率值进行采集，将运动强度按照心率划分为不同强度：很小强度（HR＜120bpm）、小强度（120≤HR＜140bpm）、中等强度（140≤HR＜160bpm）、高强度（160≤HR＜180bpm）、极限强度（HR≥180bpm），并量化分析个体心率、评估运动强度。

研究结果：1）从训练时段总体平均心率分布区间来看，小学200m田径运动员训练时段总体平均心率分布在很小强度、小强度、中等强度、高强度分别占比2%、54%、39%、5%，400m田径运动员训练时段总体平均心率分布在很小强度、小强度、中等强度、高强度、极限强度分别占比4%、42%、33%、20%、1%，跳高运动员训练时段总体平均心率分布在很小强度、小强度分别占比59%、41%；2）从不同项目训练时段总体平均心率特征来看，400m、跳高运动员训练时段最大心率均与200m运动员训练时段最大心率存在显著性差异（p<0.05），200m、400m运动员训练时段平均心率均与跳高运动员训练时段平均心率存在极显著性差异（p<0.01）；3）200m男运动员训练时段最大心率与400m运动员训练时段最大心率存在显著性差异（p<0.05）；200m女运动员、400女运动员训练时段最大心率与跳高运动员训练时段最大心率存在显著性差异（p<0.05），200m女运动员训练时段平均心率与跳高运动员训练时段平均心率存在极显著性差异（p<0.01）。

研究结论：1）该队200m、400m项目运动员训练运动负荷属于中高强度训练，而跳高运动员训练中运动负荷属于小强度运动，需要根据训练及比赛要求适当调整跳高运动员训练方案；2）该队高强度间歇训练过程中组间间歇需教练员关注个别运动员心率恢复情况，避免不当运动负荷损伤运动员机体功能；3）该队训练方法较为科学，运动强度较为适宜，可积极采用可穿戴设备对运动员训练时心率进行监控，间接提高运动员运动表现，提升运动成绩。

Objective: Cultivating young sports reserve talents from the perspective of sports and education integration is an important task to build a sports power in the new era, scientific training as an important means of guarantee is a problem that needs attention, and exercise load monitoring is an important means to achieve scientific training. This paper collects and compares the heart rate of athletes in different track and field events in primary schools, discusses the role and guiding significance of heart rate indicators in the training of primary school track and field teams, and provides theoretical reference and practical guidance for the scientific training of primary school track and field teams, the reasonable arrangement of exercise load, and the healthy growth and improvement of athletic ability of primary school track and field athletes.

Methods: A total of 24 athletes from a primary school track and field team in Xicheng District, Beijing, including 11 boys and 13 girls, were selected as the test objects, and the heart rate values of the primary school track and field team were collected by using the wearable device Polar Verity Sense heart rate armband during the training stage of the sprint 200m, 400m and high jump athletes of the primary school track and field team, and the exercise intensity was divided into different intensities according to the heart rate: very low intensity (HR<120bpm), low intensity (120≤HR<140bpm), Moderate intensity (140≤HR<160bpm), high intensity (160≤HR<180bpm), extreme intensity (HR≥180bpm), and quantitative analysis of individual heart rate, evaluation of exercise intensity.

Results: 1) From the perspective of the overall average heart rate distribution interval of the training period, the overall average heart rate distribution of 200m track and field athletes in primary school during the training period was 2%, 54%, 39% and 5% in the training period of very low intensity, light intensity, medium intensity and high intensity, respectively, and the overall average heart rate distribution of 400m track and field athletes in the training period was 4%, 42%, 33%, 20% and 1% in the training period of small intensity, small intensity, medium intensity, high intensity and extreme intensity, respectively; 2) From the perspective of the overall average heart rate characteristics of different training periods, there was a significant difference between the maximum heart rate of 400m and high jumper athletes during the training period and the maximum heart rate of the 200m athlete during the training period (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the average heart rate of the 200m and 400m athletes during the training period and the average heart rate of the high jumper during the training period (p<0.01); 3) There was a significant difference between the maximum heart rate of the 200m male athletes during the training period and the maximum heart rate of the 400m athletes during the training period (p<0.05);There was a significant difference between the maximum heart rate of 200m female athletes and 400 female athletes during the training period and the maximum heart rate of high jumpers during the training period (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the average heart rate of female athletes in the 200m training period and the average heart rate of high jumpers during the training period (p<0.01).

Conclusions: 1) The training load of the team's 200m and 400m athletes is medium and high-intensity training, while the training load of high jumpers is low-intensity exercise, and the training plan of high jumpers needs to be appropriately adjusted according to the requirements of training and competition. 2) During the team's high-intensity interval training, the coach needs to pay attention to the heart rate recovery of individual athletes during the interval to avoid improper exercise load and damage to athletes' body functions; 3) The team's training methods are relative scientific, the exercise intensity is relative appropriate, and wearable devices can be actively used to monitor the heart rate of athletes during training, which can indirectly improve athletes' sports performance and improve sports performance.