近年来有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料由于其优异的光电特性被广泛应用于各种光电器件的研发中，其中层状的Dion-Jacobson（DJ）相钙钛矿材料由于其独特的结构和相对高的稳定性而令人关注。然而，DJ相钙钛矿材料对湿度的敏感性也仍然是制约其实际应用的一大因素。在众多提高有机-无机杂化钙钛矿耐水性的方法中，引入疏水基团是一种提高钙钛矿本身疏水性的化学方法，聚合物包覆法是一种简单高效的抑制水分子与钙钛矿接触的物理方法。本工作拓展了可用的疏水基团的种类，探究了层间阳离子中其他疏水基团的引入对钙钛矿耐水性的影响，探索了聚(1,4-丁二醇丁二酸)酯包覆对钙钛矿薄膜耐水性的影响，从物质（钙钛矿）和材料（薄膜）两个方面研究耐水性，对于制备高耐水性的新型DJ相钙钛矿材料具有一定的指导和借鉴意义，主要研究内容如下：

（1）通过简单的溶液法分别制备了以2,2’-氧代双（乙胺）阳离子（OBEA²⁺）和2,2'-硫代双（乙胺）阳离子（TBEA²⁺）为层间阳离子的具有层状结构的OBEAPbI₄和TBEAPbI₄钙钛矿颗粒，并探究了他们的结构和光学性质。与已有研究的BDAPbI₄相比，额外的疏水基团的引入使它们具有更大的晶面间距，OBEAPbI₄和TBEAPbI₄的带隙能分别为1.87和1.77 eV。研究发现三种钙钛矿材料均表现出良好的空气稳定性，OBEAPbI₄的热稳定性略大于BDAPbI₄，而TBEAPbI₄由于层间阳离子和无机层板间的相互作用力较弱导致其热稳定性较差。三种钙钛矿材料暴露于高湿度环境中（98 ± 2% RH）7天内OBEAPbI₄的耐水性最高，可归因于疏水的烷氧基的引入提高了钙钛矿的疏水性，而相同条件下BDAPbI₄和TBEAPbI₄均分解为低维水合相钙钛矿。该研究表明在层间阳离子上引入烷氧基可有效地提高钙钛矿的耐水性。

（2）通过简单的溶液法制备了以1,3-环己二甲胺（CHBMA²⁺）为层间阳离子的具有层状结构的CHBMAPbI₄钙钛矿颗粒，并探究了其结构和光学性质。与OBEAPbI₄相比空间位阻较大的环己基的引入减小了层间阳离子在无机层板间的倾斜程度，使得CHBMAPbI₄具有更大的层间距，其带隙能为1.91 eV。研究发现CHBMAPbI₄表现出良好的空气稳定性和略高于OBEAPbI₄的热稳定性。两种钙钛矿材料暴露于高湿度环境中（98 ± 2% RH）10天内CHBMAPbI₄的耐水性更高，可归因于疏水性更高的环己基的引入提高了钙钛矿的疏水性。该研究表明在层间阳离子上引入环己基可有效地提高钙钛矿的耐水性。

（3）以CHBMAPbI₄钙钛矿颗粒为原料通过旋转涂膜法经过剥离-自组装在200 ℃的加热温度下制备了高结晶性的CHBMA薄膜。选用聚合物聚(1,4-丁二醇丁二酸)酯（PES）以二氯甲烷为溶剂通过聚合物涂覆法制备了一系列CHBMA@xPES（x = 25、75、50、100）薄膜。研究发现疏水聚合物PES的引入能够有效提高薄膜的疏水性，同时薄膜中晶粒间隙的减小也抑制了水分的渗透，其中CHBMA@100PES暴露于高湿度环境中（98 ± 2% RH）14天后仍具有较高的结晶性，表明其耐水性最高。另外CHBMA薄膜和CHBMA@xPES薄膜均表现出良好的空气稳定性。该研究为保证CHBMAPbI₄在未来实际应用中高效稳定地工作奠定了基础。

In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have been widely applied in the research and development of various optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase perovskites have received widespread attention because of their unique structure and stronger stability. However, the sensitivity to humidity of DJ phase perovskite materials is still a major issue which limits their practical applications. Among numerous methods to improve the water resistance of OIHPs, introducing hydrophobic groups is a chemical method to improve the hydrophobicity of perovskite itself, while polymer coating method is a simple and efficient physical method to suppress the contact of water molecules and perovskites. In this work, we expanded the kinds of available hydrophobic groups, explored the influence of the introduction of other hydrophobic groups in spacer cations on the water resistance of perovskite, and explored the effect of using poly(ethylene succinate) coating on the water resistance of perovskite films, studied the water resistance of both substances (perovskites) and materials (thin films) aspects. It has certain guidance and reference significance for the preparation of novel DJ phase perovskite materials with improved water resistance. The main research content is as follows:

(1) The bulk OBEAPbI₄ and TBEAPbI₄ perovskites with layered structure were prepared through a simple solution process using 2,2'-oxybis(ethylamine) (OBEA²⁺) and thiobis(ethylamine) (TBEA²⁺) as spacer cations respectively. Their structures and optical properties have been investigated. Compared with the previously studied BDAPbI₄, the introduction of additional hydrophobic groups resulted in larger basal spacing, and the band gap energies of OBEAPbI₄ and TBEAPbI₄ are 1.87 and 1.77 eV, respectively. Research has found that all three types of perovskite materials exhibit good air stability, and OBEAPbI₄ shows slightly higher thermal stability than BDAPbI₄, while TBEAPbI₄ has poor thermal stability due to the weak interaction between interlayer cations and inorganic layers. The OBEAPbI₄ exhibits the highest water resistance among the three perovskite materials when they exposed to high humidity environments (98 ± 2% RH) for 7 days, which can be attributed to the introduction of hydrophobic alkoxy groups improving the hydrophobicity of perovskite. Under the same conditions, both of BDAPbI₄ and TBEAPbI₄ degraded into low-dimensional hydrated perovskite. This study indicates that introducing alkoxy groups into interlayer cations can effectively improve the water resistance of perovskites.

(2) The bulk CHBMAPbI₄ perovskite with 1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (CHBMA²⁺) as interlayer cation was prepared through a simple solution process, and its structure and optical property have been investigated. Compared with OBEAPbI₄, the introduction of cycloalkyl groups suppressed the compression of interlayer cation chains between inorganic layers, and reduced tilts of the interlayer cations between inorganic layers, its bandgap energy is 1.91 eV. Research has found that CHBMAPbI₄ exhibits good air stability and slightly stronger thermal stability than OBEAPbI₄. The CHBMAPbI₄ shows higher water resistance when two perovskite materials exposed to high humidity environments (98 ± 2% RH) for 10 days, which can be attributed to the introduction of more hydrophobic cycloalkyl groups enhanced the hydrophobicity of perovskite. This study indicates that introducing alkoxy groups into interlayer cations can effectively improve the water resistance of perovskite.

(3) High crystallinity CHBMA films were prepared using bulk CHBMAPbI₄ perovskite as raw materials, exfoliation and self-assembly by spin coating at a heating temperature of 200 ℃. A series of CHBMA@xPES (x = 25, 75, 50, 100) films were prepared by coating polymer which using poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) as polymer and dichloromethane as a solvent. Research has found that the introduction of hydrophobic polymer PES can effectively improve the hydrophobicity of films, while reducing the grain gap in the film and inhibiting the penetration of water, the CHBMA@100PES film still exhibit high crystallinity after exposed to a high humidity environment (98 ± 2% RH) for 14 days, indicating its highest water resistance. In addition, CHBMA films and CHBMA@xPES films exhibited good air stability. This study lays the foundation for ensuring efficient and stable work of CHBMAPbI₄ in future practical applications.