背景：伴随着老龄化的步伐，长期照顾的压力逐渐攀升，相继而来的就是家庭照顾压力的增加和照顾质量的参差不齐。基于文化背景和一定程度上的敏感性，家庭照顾质量难以被预测和调查，而长时间的照顾负担又不仅仅会给老人本身带来影响也会使得照顾者失去信心，因此家庭照顾者具有良好的自我赋权能力在应对压力、提升非正式照顾质量时也显得格外重要。
目的：了解老人家庭照顾者的主观照顾负担、自我效能感水平、非正式照顾质量各维度现状，分析老人家庭照顾者的一般人口学资料、家庭照顾者的主观负担及自我效能感对非正式照顾质量的影响，探讨主观照顾负担对非正式照顾质量的影响以及自我效能感与其两者的关系，自我效能感分别在主观照顾负担与非正式照顾质量两维度关系的调节作用情况。进而呼吁社会科学领域和相关政府部门关注老人家庭照顾者群体及老人非正式照顾质量水平，也为进一步完善老人非正式照顾质量研究提供启发。
方法：本研究采用定量的研究方法，通过目的性抽样的方法选取广东、山西、河北三省市共204名60岁以上的老人家庭照顾者进行调查。使用家庭照顾者基本信息问卷收集老年照顾者基本人口学数据；采用照顾负担量表(Zarit Burden Interview，ZBI）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）和中国版示范照顾量表（C-ECS）收集照顾者相关信息。有关数据资料处理应用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行分析。
结果：调查的204例老人家庭照顾者中，男性占38.2%，女性为61.8%；且主要为被照顾老人的女儿，占比45.6%，其次是儿子35.8%。其中，本次接受调查的老人家庭照顾者主观负担得分（27.08±15.49）分，且以轻度负担和中度负担占比最多，为39.7%和21.6%；非正式照顾质量总分为（19.40±6.75）分，其两维度为CC维度得分（9.35±3.27），PE维度得分（10.05±3.97）；照顾者自我效能感处于中等程度居多且占比48.5%，得分为（25.21±6.39）分。
    相关分析结果显示，老人家庭照顾者非正式照顾质量与一般人口学因素中的照顾者的文化程度（r=0.135，p<0.05）、身体状况（r=-0.184，p<0.05）有关。主观照顾负担与非正式照顾质量呈显著负相关（r=-0.186，p<0.01），也分别与照顾质量CC维度（r=-0.16，p<0.05）和PE维度（r=-0.259，p<0.01）呈显著负相关。自我效能感与非正式照顾质量具有显著正向关系（r=0.484，p<0.001），在CC维度（r=0.460，p<0.001）和PE维度（r=0.439，p<0.001）也均有显著相关性。
多元线性回归分析得出，周照顾时间和身体状况是非正式照顾质量的主要影响因素（p<0.05）。在控制了社会人口统计学变量后，高自我效能感在中度负担和非正式照顾质量间有显著负向调节（β=-0.193，p<0.05），在重度负担和非正式照顾质量之间的关系有显著的正向调节作用（β=0.285，p<0.05）。另外，高自我效能感在中度负担与CC之间的关系有显著的负向调节作用（β=-0.217，p<0.05）；在中度负担与PE之间有正向的调节作用（β=0.311，p<0.05）。
结论：1.老人家庭照顾者主观照顾负担水平以轻度和中度负担为主，且具有中等程度的自我效能感；非正式照顾质量能够一定程度上考虑到老人在日常照顾过程中的个性化需要，但在照顾者个人自我发展实现方面仍有很大的提高空间。
2.主观照顾负担、自我效能感和非正式照顾质量显著相关。照顾者主观负担对非正式照顾质量有显著负向预测作用；自我效能感对非正式照顾质量有显著的正向预测作用。
3.自我效能感能够分别在主观负担的中度和重度负担与非正式照顾质量关系间起到显著的调节作用。且自我效能感在中度负担与非正式照顾质量总分以及中度负担与CC关系间起到负向调节效应；自我效能感在重度负担与非正式照顾质量总分以及重度负担与PE关系间起到正向调节效应。

Background: With the pace of aging, the pressure of long-term care is gradually rising, one after another is the increase of family care pressure and the uneven quality of care. Based on cultural background and a certain degree of sensitivity, the quality of family care is difficult to predict and investigate, and the burden of long-term care will not only affect the elderly themselves but also make caregivers lose confidence, so the good self-empowerment of caregivers is particularly important in coping with stress and improving the quality of informal care.
Objective: This study aims to understand the present situation of the subjective care burden, self-efficacy level and informal care quality of the elderly family caregivers, analyzed the general demographic data of the elderly family caregivers, the subjective burden of the family caregivers and the impact of self-efficacy on the subjective care burden on informal care quality and explored the correlation between self-efficacy and both.Furthermore, it calls on the social science field and relevant government departments to pay attention to the group of family caregivers for the elderly and the quality of informal care for the elderly, and also provides a basis for further improving the quality of informal care for the elderly.
Methods: In this study ,204 family caregivers over 60 years of age were selected from Guangdong, Shanxi and Hebei provinces by means of objective sampling.The basic information of caregivers was collected using the family caregivers general questionnaire; Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI), General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Chinese version of Exemplary Care Scale (C-ECS) were used to collect relevant data of caregivers. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software.
Results: Of the 204 elderly family caregivers surveyed ,38.2% were male and 61.8% were female, and 45.6% were daughters, followed by 35.8% sons. The scores of subjective burden (27.08±15.49) were the highest among the elderly family caregivers, 39.7% and 21.6%; the total score of informal care quality (19.40±6.75) was CC (9.35±3.27) and PE (10.05±3.97). Caregiver's self-efficacy was in the middle degree and accounted for 48.5%. The score was (25.21±6.39).
Correlation analysis showed that the quality of informal care for elderly family caregivers was associated with the educational level of caregivers in general demographic factors (r=0.135，p<0.05), and physical condition(r=-0.184，p<0.05).The subjective care burden was significantly negatively correlated with informal care quality (r=-0.186, p<0.01), as well as with care quality CC dimensions (r=-0.16, p<0.05) and PE dimensions (r=-0.259, p<0.01), respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and the quality of informal care (r=0.484, p<0.001), as well as in the CC (r=0.460, p<0.001) and the PE (r=0.439, p<0.001) dimensions
 Multiple linear regression analysis showed that weekly care time and physical condition were the main factors influencing the quality of informal care (p<0.05). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, high self-efficacy was negatively regulated between moderate burden and informal care quality (β=-0.193, p<0.05), and the relationship between severe burden and informal care quality was significantly positively regulated (β=0.285, p<0.05). Moreover, high self-efficacy had a significant negative regulatory effect on the relationship between moderate burden and CC (β=-0.217, p<0.05), and a positive regulatory effect between moderate burden and PE (β=0.311, p<0.05 ).
 Conclusion :1. The subjective care burden level of the elderly family caregivers is mainly mild and moderate burden, and has a moderate degree of self-efficacy; the quality of informal care can take into account the individual needs of the elderly in the daily care process to some extent, but there is still a lot of room for improvement in the realization of the individual self-development of the caregivers.
2. Subjective care burden, self-efficacy and informal care quality were significantly correlated. The subjective burden of caregivers has a significant negative predictive effect on informal care quality, and self-efficacy has a significant positive predictive effect on informal care quality.
3. Self-efficacy can play a significant role in regulating the relationship between the moderate and severe burden of subjective burden and the quality of informal care. Self-efficacy played a negative role in the relationship between moderate burden and informal care quality, and between moderate burden and CC. Self-efficacy played a positive role in the relationship between heavy burden and informal care quality.