政治与地理的互动交错阐释了人类政治活动与地理空间的相互关系，政治因素在人类实践中对地理空间布局变化打上深刻的烙印，地理格局的变迁同样规制人类的政治实践活动，政治与地理的互动关系在人类社会活动中既有纵向的历史性贯穿又有横向的空间格局影响。将政治与地理的互动关系研究着眼于首都城市，主要是基于首都城市自身具有典型的政治地理特征和属性，首都城市的地理格局涵盖了首都城市的定位、首都城市的功能和首都城市的内部结构，在这三个属性基础上分析政治与首都城市地理格局之间的关系，结合政治地理学、空间政治学和城市规划等相关领域的知识，通过挖掘政治权力形态和首都城市地理格局表征的相关性，阐明政治因素在北京的城市地理格局的形成、促进城市内部结构的变迁以及解决城市问题等方面产生的重要作用。 探究政治与首都北京的地理格局关系，是在政治地理学和城市政治学领域对于首都城市政治研究的细化，通过线性动态发展的维度，来探讨首都北京的地理格局与政治因素相互作用关系。基于首都北京的相关理论研究，从政治学的角度切入，不仅可以呈现出新的理论侧面，同样在一定程度上，对首都北京的地理格局研究突出人文关怀的意蕴，从而增加理论认知的全面性和科学性。厘清政治与北京地理格局的关系，甄选首都城市良好的政治管理模式，促进首都北京的善治，在科学认知现有首都城市地理格局的基础上，营造一个政治相对稳定、社会良性互动的城市发展氛围，同样符合政治民主化的发展趋势。围绕上述主题，全文通过四个部分进行论述： 第一部分，主要概述首都城市的概念、功能和首都城市的地理格局与政治一般关系，分别对首都城市的概念、功能和区位特点进行剖析，总体上考察政治集权与首都城市内部结构的关系和政治多元化与首都城市内部结构的关系，对首都城市的地理格局与政治权力关系进行一般性分析，构建理论框架。 第二部分，从历史的角度切入动态考察首都北京的城市地理格局的变迁与政治发展之间的相互作用关系，首先，考察首都北京的城市地理区位因素，挖掘政治活动对城市地理格局形成、城市的功能定位和城市发展产生的深远影响和实际作用；其次，通过考察首都北京的城市内部结构发展与变化，深入浅出地呈现出行政区域的变革与政治功能的完善、城市布局的变化与政治权力的分散等诸多方面的政治地理相互作用关系。 第三部分，在制度层面重点论述首都北京的地理格局与政治互动关系。首先，总结1949年来北京的几次城市总体规划，并在实证研究的基础上，阐述政治决策在影响首都城市地理格局中的决定作用。其次，通过行政区划变革和城市布局形式的变迁对政治因素产生的具体作用，论证北京的城市内部结构变化对政治发展的影响。最后，在对北京的城市发展进行具体政治地理分析的基础上，建构城市地理格局变迁与政治的互动模型，囊括“地理格局—政治权力”的空间输入模式和“政治决策—城市布局”的功能输出模式，析出政治地理互动发展的因素和特点，完成首都城市政治地理互动关系的制度理论构架。 第四部分，着眼首都北京的城市发展在地理格局与政治互动关系中呈现的张力和限界，结合北京在城市发展中遇到的问题，在地理格局与政治互动关系的框架内，总结出实现首都北京政治地理互动的张力调适对策，一定程度上实现北京的城市发展在政治地理互动体制限界上的突破与完善。

The interaction of politics and geography explains the relationship of human political activities and geospatial. In human practice, political factors marked a deep imprint on geospatial changes. Geographical changes also regulated human’s political activities. The political and geographical interaction runs both historically and spatially. This paper mainly analyzes the capital city on concept, function and location features, as well as Beijing's conditions. Based on dynamically studying the geospatial changes and political development of Beijing city since 1949, that is conductive to analyze the interaction on system perspective. Focusing on the tension of the geographic pattern and political interaction, then finally the paper draws a conclusion of the adjustment measures. By a linear dimension, the research on the interactive relationship of geographical pattern and politics, is a branch of political geography and urban political. On the perspective of political science, to study the geographical pattern of Beijing, not only does it show a new theoretical angle, but highlights the humane implication on the city spatial. Clarifying the relationship between political science and geography, that is the base of the good governance in the city of Beijing. With the scientific study of Beijing’s geographical patterns, to create a relatively stable political development atmosphere, also is in line with the trend of political democratization. The paper lists four parts to explain the mentioned theme: The first part mainly outlines the geographical pattern, the concept, function of the capital city, and the general relationship between political science and geographical pattern. In general, it introduces the relationship of political centralization and the city internal structure, also the correlation of political diversification and the city internal structure. To do a general analysis of the geography and political power, that is helpful to build a theoretical framework. The second part, from a historical perspective, studies the interaction between geographic change and political development. On the one hand, it introduces the geographical location factors of Beijing, mining the effect that political activities show on the formation of urban geography, urban functional orientation and urban development far-reaching implications and the practical effect. On the other hand, by examining the development and changes of the internal structure in the capital city of Beijing, which in layman's language shows the relations of administrative regions change and the function of political improvement, urban layout changes and political power dispersed and many other aspects. The third part, the topic focuses on the interactive relationship at the institutional level. In the first place, to summarize the several urban planning of Beijing since the year 1949 based on an empirical research, this sets forth the political decision playing a decisive role on the capital city geography. Secondly, through the implication that the changes both of the administrative divisions and the layout of the city showing on the political factors, it demonstrates Beijing's urban changes influence dynamically on its political development. Finally, based on the analysis of specific political geography in the process of Beijing's urban development, the inactive mode of urban geography change and politics is constructed, including “Geography Pattern - Political Power " input mode and the “Political Decision - Urban Layout" output mode, and it separates out the factors and characteristics of political geography interaction, completely shapes the institutional theory framework. The fourth part focuses on the tensions and limits of the interaction between geographical pattern and political factors, combined with the problems encountered in urban development of Beijing in the framework of interaction, and puts forwards to several adjustment measures; and to some extent, to achieve breakthrough improvement of urban development in Beijing on the political geography interactive system.