进入21世纪以来，我国在实现基本普及九年义务教育的目标后，基础教育的均衡发展逐渐进入教育研究者的视野，并且作为我国未来教育发展的战略方针确立下来。基于对教育均衡发展问题的研究历程、教育区域均衡发展的研究现状以及教育均衡发展指标系统的综述，本研究将我国基础教育发展的区域均衡问题作为研究主题，以31个省级行政区为分析单位，收集了2003—2006年各省基础教育发展和经济财政水平的面板数据。本文选择差异分析方法刻画基础教育发展各个指标差距的时序变化，反映我国基础教育发展的省间均衡态势；选择聚类分析方法划分基础教育发展地区格局，对基础教育省间均衡发展进行整体评价；利用面板数据回归模型研究地区经济财政水平与基础教育生均经费之间的计量关系，揭示基础教育均衡区域均衡发展的影响因素。实证研究发现，我国省区间基础教育发展的均衡性总体来说在逐渐改善，义务教育发展的省区间均衡性高于高中教育发展的省区间均衡性；虽然我国省区间基础教育发展正在朝着均衡化的方向迈进，但是类属之间的梯度差距比较明显；此外，我国各省区的经济发展水平和财政努力程度对省区间基础教育均衡发展存在显著影响。基于上述结论，建议政府以新机制为契机，建立规范的教育财政转移支付制度，适时加快高中教育发展步伐，进一步缩小基础教育的地区差距，同时逐步建立基础教育均衡发展系数，为基础教育发展差距提供预警。

Since 21st century, the goal of basically popularizing the nine-year compulsory education has come true, then the equilibrium development of basic education has gradually entered into the view of education researcher, and has been established as our future strategy policy. By reviewing the study course, the recent work, and the index system of education equilibrium development, this paper keeps an eye on the regional issues. It takes the 31 provinces of China as an analysis unit and collects panel data about the development of basic education, economy and finance in the period from 2003 to 2006. The paper describes the time changes of each education development index by difference analysis to reflect the regional equilibrium situation; divides the region pattern by cluster analysis to make a general evaluation on the equilibrium; studies the relationship between regional economy and educational expenditure per student by regression model using panel data.The empirical analysis shows that the development of our basic education has been tending to equilibrium as a whole in recent years and the regional equilibrium in compulsory education is better than that in senior high school education; although the basic education is striding forward to equilibrium, obvious grads gap between groups still exists; furthermore, provinces’ economy and financial efforts degree have significant influences on the regional equilibrium of basic education. Based on the above conclusion, the paper suggests government establish normative financial transfer payment system, promote the development of senior high school education, and establish the educational balancing index to alarm for the development gap of our basic education.