社会上存在着成千上万、各式各样的组织，它们既塑造了我们的社会，也影响和改变着我们的生活。纷繁的组织之中什么样的组织才是有效的？有效的组织又该如何建立？这些有关组织效能的问题自产生以来似乎一直都无法获得解决，在当今日新月异的环境下，企业维持其效能变得难上加难。于是，探寻提升组织效能的有效途径已经成为企业迫切需要解决的问题。组织的效能取决于一些效能要素的影响，通过客观科学地了解、分析这些外在的、内在的或直接的、间接的要素，进而把握要素间关系及其作用机制，能帮助组织实现提升整体效能的目标。然而，现有的组织效能影响因素研究并不能完全满足目前的需要，一是所研究的要素比较零散，二是研究结论存在泛化现象，较为缺乏对组织效能的整体性、系统性的研究。基于以上的背景和缘由，本研究确立了两个研究目标：一是从绩效技术的视角构建较为科学的、多层次的、可适应的组织效能系统模型；二是结合企业经济、管理学的理论和实证研究，构建组织效能影响因素模型，确定影响组织效能的关键因素以及它们作用于组织效能的机制。为了达成以上的研究目标，本研究对以下四个方面的内容展开了深入的研究，取得了相应的研究成果：（1）通过文献研究法，从绩效技术、企业经济及管理学三个领域梳理了组织效能及其影响因素的理论和实践研究，分析出国内外组织效能研究的总体取向；在此基础上，确定与阐释了组织效能的内涵包含“产出”与“产能”两个方面。（2）从一般系统理论和绩效技术理论出发，构建了绩效技术视野下的组织效能系统模型，确定了组织效能系统的九个基本子系统为“外部环境、内部环境、投入、流程/团队、（内部）输出、（社会）结果、利益相关者、绩效反馈、价值反馈”，确定了织效能系统的四个层次为“个人、流程、组织、环境层次”。（3）借鉴企业经济、管理学理论及实践研究结果，识别影响组织效能的主要因素及其相互关系，构建了绩效技术视野下的组织效能影响因素模型；并通过专家访谈进一步验证与完善了模型。（4）建立组织效能影响因素的解释结构模型，实现了组织效能系统结构的层次化分析；进而采用“手段－目的分析”网络方法识别了影响组织效能的关键因素为“领导者、组织战略、组织结构、组织学习和知识管理、基础设施（物理/信息）”，梳理了它们对组织效能的作用机制。

In our society, there are variety kinds of organizations, they can affect and change our lives. Among the numerous and complicated organizations, what kind of organization is effective organization, and how to set up effective organization? Questions about the organizational effectiveness seems to unable to get solved since produced. In today's changing environment, enterprises are more difficult to maintain organizational effectiveness. Thus, explore the effective ways to improve organizational effectiveness has become the urgent problem that enterprises need to solve. Organizational effectiveness depends on some performance factors’ influence, understanding and analyzing the external and internal or direct and indirect factors, grasping the relationship between factors and their mechanism of action can help organizations to improve their effectiveness. However, the existing research to the influential factors of organizational effectiveness does not meet the current needs. Firstly, the elements in studies are comparing scattered, secondly, the research conclusions are highly consistent and are short of systemic and systematic study to organizational effectiveness.Based on the above background and reasons, there are two objectives of this research: (1)From the perspective of performance technology to build a scientific, multi-level, and adaptable organizational effectiveness system model; (2)Combined with the empirical studies from enterprise economics and management, to construct organizational effectiveness's influential factor model, then identify the key factors that affect organizational effectiveness and their mechanism of action.In order to accomplish the above research objectives, this study has developed the in-depth research on the contents of the following four aspects: (1)Through literature analysis, from the three areas of performance technology and enterprise economics and management to comb the theory and practice research of organizational effectiveness and its influential factors, clarifying the overall orientation of organizational effectiveness research at home and abroad; On this basis, identify and explain the connotation of organizational effectiveness which includes "output" and "capacity" two aspects. (2)Starting from the general system theory and the theory of performance technology, this research has constructed an organizational effectiveness system model from the perspective of performance technology. Determined the nine basic subsystems of organizational effectiveness system, there are external environment, internal environment, inputs, processes, outputs, results, receivers, performance feedback and value feedback. Determined the four levels of organizational effectiveness system, there are workers, work, workplace and world. (3)Combined with the theory and practice research from enterprise economic and management, this research has also identified the main factors which affect organizational effectiveness and their mutual relationship, built organizational effectiveness's influential factor model from the perspective of performance technology, and improved the model through experts' interview. (4)Constructed the Interpretative Structural Modeling of organizational effectiveness's influential factor, achieved the hierarchical analysis of organizational effectiveness system’s structure. Then, used the method of “Means-objective analysis” to identify the key factors of organizational effectiveness, there are leaders, organizational strategy, organizational structure, organizational learning and knowledge management, infrastructure(Physical/Information), and combed their mechanism of action on organizational effectiveness.