中国现代作家以现代人在现代生活中的生存体验和人生思考为主要的表达对象，然而在这些现代作家的“现代”创作中，却醒目地存在着一些“古老”的书写，神话题材的作品便是其中的一种。现代作家在创作中借鉴古老的神话意象与原型，或者直接“重述神话”的现象虽然并不普遍，但是却非常突出，在鲁迅、郭沫若、茅盾、沈从文等重要作家的创作中都有所体现。与此相应，现代中国神话学也在这一时期逐步建构起来，在现代特殊的历史语境下，神话学的研究已经不是单纯意义上的学术研究，而与当时启迪民智、改造国民性的文化运动紧密相连，成为新文化运动的重要组成部分。许多现代作家也将神话视为现代学科体系下的独立研究对象，参与到神话学的理论研讨之中。现代作家对于古老神话的热衷与关注，已经形成了强烈而独特的神话意识。对于中国现代作家神话意识的研究，不仅仅是对神话意识本身的探讨，同时也是对于中国现代作家现代意识的进一步思考。本文的研究思路方面采用了统分结合的研究构架。第一章主要讨论中国现代作家神话意识的生成语境，论证“神话”是如何进入到现代中国的学术研究视野，并引起现代作家的广泛关注，进而成为现代作家创作的思想和题材资源的过程，勾勒出现代作家神话意识的生成途径与源流脉络。第二章结合现实语境与生成形态，研讨中国现代作家的神话意识的价值诉求。现代作家对于神话资源所体现出的理性研究与文本创作都具备各异的表现形态，也就是体现出极具个性化的神话意识。然而，在这多元化的表现形态下，却可以发现其中蕴含的近似的精神底蕴和核心的价值欲求。这一章尝试从四个方面来探讨中国现代作家神话意识的整体性特征。首先，现代作家和学者通过对于西方文学的“穷本溯源”，确定了神话作为文学的“渊薮”的元典性地位。其次，中国现代作家的神话意识除了表现为将神话作为创作资源之外，同时也对神话进行了丰富的学理性研究，中国现代神话学的建构和发展是新文化运动的组成部分之一，被赋予了更加丰富的时代特征。第三，现代作家将神话的思想内涵、艺术特色与神话发生地的地缘性特征紧密结合，现代作家在借鉴不同民族的神话资源的同时，不可避免地会在创作中融渗入该民族的民族性格、价值形态和审美诉求。第四，对于现代作家创作的神话题材作品，或者作品中蕴含的大量神话意象的整合分析，可见现代作家在文学创作中极为重视神话的现实价值和信仰力量，运用神话中蕴藏的这种信仰力量来传递他们的启蒙追求，这也是作家神话意识的一个重要目的。从第三章到第九章具体讨论现代作家理论研究和文学创作中体现的神话意识。鲁迅、茅盾、周作人、郭沫若、沈从文、郑振铎、吴祖光都是具有浓厚的神话意识的作家，这七章就是分别对于各位作家的神话研究、神话题材的作品创作以及作品极富代表性的神话意象具体剖析，深入挖掘作家的知识结构、创作心态等对于其文化选择的影响，以期从一个比较新颖的视角来考察和探究中国现代文学的文化景观。

Modern Chinese writers use life experiences and thoughts as the main expression in modern life. However, there are some strikingly “old” writings such as mythological work in these "modern" creations. Although it is not very common for them to inherit ancient myth image and prototype, or directly "restate myth", a majority of works produced by some famous modern writers such as Lu xun, Guo moruo, Shen congwen,etc strongly reveal this phenomenon. Correspondingly, modern Chinese mythology is gradually established during this period. Under such particular modern historical context, the study of mythology is not merely confined to scientific research, but a significant element of the New Culture Movement that is closely tied to the enlightenment of current civilization and creation. Many modern writers regard myth as an independent research object within modern discipline system and participate in theoretical discussion of mythology. At the same time, their passion for ancient myth has formed a strong and unique mythological consciousness. The study of modern Chinese writers’ mythological consciousness is not only restricted to itself but also modern consciousness.This study adopts the integrate-part framework in research. The first chapter focuses on the context and formation of modern Chinese writers’ mythological consciousness and the process of how "myth" enters into the field of modern Chinese academic research and causes extensive concern by modern writers then becomes thoughts and theme resources for creation of modern writers. This chapter draws the outline of origin and context of generation of modern writers’ mythological consciousness from modern interpretation of traditional myth resources and national comprehension of traditional western myth. The second chapter combines realistic context and generating form with common trend to study value aim of modern Chinese writers’ mythological consciousness. The diverse forms of rational research and literary creation of myth resources by Modern writers reflect the highly personalized myth consciousness. However, we can find approximate sprits and core value desires are contained in these diverse forms. First of all, modern Chinese writers’ mythological consciousness derives from full acceptance of western science. Mythology is also a kind of western modern science. The theory frame and pedigree of western mythology highly shocks modern Chinese writers’ knowledge structure and arouses their yearning for the beautifulness of myth and deep memory on traditional Chinese mythology. "Myth" becomes an important medium for modern writers to communicate Sino-foreign in all ages. Secondly, it is reasonable to conclude that modern writers’ extremely preference of mythological resources that reveal strong salvation feelings and heroism through Meta-analysis of modern Chinese mythological works and images contain among them. Furthermore, this situation also reveals the positive responses of Chinese social development needs. Thirdly, the original mythology contains strong spiritual power and faith. This folk belief is still popular with the masses and keeps closed relationships that cannot be split even in modern society holding the banner of science. It is also an important purpose to deliver their enlightenment through the spiritual power contained in mythological consciousness by modern Chinese writers.Modern writers’ theoretical research and literary creation is specifically discussed from chapter three to chapter nine. Lu xun, Mao dun, Guo moruo, Zhou zuoren, Shen congwen, Zheng zhenduo, Wu zuguang are writers with strong mythological consciousness. Respectively, these seven chapters analyze the research, creation and representative image of mythological works of above writers. Through creative activities such as modern writers’ aesthetic choice, reference and transformation, combining with the rheological trajectory of modern mythological consciousness, we inspect the mythological phenomenon of aesthetic transformation for both internal spirit and external morphology by modern literature. Then we dig the subjective influence for cultural options by the knowledge structure and attitude of compose of writers to analyze the national spirit and time consciousness revealed by this kind of aesthetic creation and acceptance. Finally, we are looking forward to examine and explore the cultural landscape of modern Chinese literature in an original perspective.