在全球化的高水平人才流动过程中，学术人才的流动对于科学知识的跨国传播、高水平人才的培养、学术社会网络的构建和全球学术研究机构的联系有着重要作用。各国之间对于学术人才的竞争日趋激烈，许多国家积极制定了一系列政策来吸引海外学术人才回流，并致力于提升其在全球人才竞争中的主导地位。中国和美国之间一直存在着单向的学术人才流失。然而，随着中美之间学术格局的变化，以及2020年新冠疫情的爆发，越来越多的中国留美学术人才选择回到中国工作。中国与美国采取了不同的出国留学、工作和移民政策，美国制定了一系列对中国留学生入境美国、留美工作的限制性政策，对中国留美学术人才在美国工作生活带来更多阻碍。而中国政府抓住国际人才回流的机遇，进一步完善海外学术人才引进政策体系以及学术人才评价机制，为留美学术人才回国发展营造良好环境。

基于此，本研究从人才环流理论的视角出发，对影响中国吸引留美华人学者回国的因素进行分析。本研究梳理了中美之间学术人才流失与回流的转变过程，并从回流政策与人才专项计划、国际形势与学术环境、个人社会融入与职业发展三个方面分析了中国吸引留美学术人才回国的影响因素。最后，研究为中国在未来吸引更多高水平学术人才提出政策建议。

In the process of globalization and high-level talent flow, the flow of academic talents plays an important role in the transnational dissemination of scientific knowledge, the cultivation of high-level talents, the construction of academic social networks and the connection of global academic research institutions. The competition for academic talents among countries has become increasingly intense, and many countries have actively formulated a series of policies to attract the return of overseas academic talents and strive to enhance their dominant position in the global competition for talents. There has been a one-way academic brain drain between China and the United States. However, with the changing academic landscape between China and the U.S., and the outbreak of the new 2020 crown epidemic, more and more Chinese academic talent staying in the U.S. is choosing to return to work in China. China and the U.S. have adopted different policies for studying, working and immigrating abroad, and the U.S. has developed a series of restrictive policies for Chinese students to enter and work in the U.S., creating more obstacles for Chinese academic talents to live and work in the U.S. The Chinese government, however, seizes the opportunity of international talent return and further improves the policy system of overseas academic talent introduction as well as the evaluation mechanism of academic talent to create a favorable environment for academic talents staying in the U.S. to return to China.

Based on this, this study analyzes the factors that affect China's ability to attract Chinese scholars to return to China from the perspective of talent circulation theory. The study compares the transformation process of academic talent loss and return between China and the United States, and analyzes the factors influencing China's attraction of returning academic talents to the United States from three aspects: return policy and talent-specific programs, international situation and academic environment, and personal social integration and career development. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations for China to attract more high-level academic talents in the future.