近年我国极端灾害事件多发频发，灾害风险增高，严重威胁着人们的正常生产生活。2021年7月，我国河南省多地遭遇极端降雨并导致内涝、山洪等多灾并发，造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失。此次巨灾之下引发全民关注并带来全社会动员的捐赠行动，呈现出一个相对完整、多元、立体的救灾捐赠场景，也暴露出一系列亟待回应的失衡难题。

本研究采用案例研究，以河南“720”特大暴雨事件为例，运用半结构化访谈收集实证材料，选取救灾一线工作者、救灾协调平台工作者、受灾村镇干部共18人作为受访对象，并在此基础上系统梳理相关文献、官方公开的捐赠数据明细及有关政策文件，以整体把握案例捐赠情况。此次案例揭示出当前救灾捐赠工作面临着捐赠受助对象失衡、捐赠配置优先级失序、捐赠阶段分布失调、捐赠接收主体断层等失衡难题，在增强灾害慈善事业有效性、公平性方面尚存挑战。

通过分析发现，信息沟通不畅是救灾捐赠失衡问题的重要来源。由于灾后情景复杂且不确定性高，信息沟通的时效性、准确性、完整性下降几乎是一个必然问题，这导致灾后信息的迟滞、失真与主体所需及时、全面信息之间的普遍性矛盾，进而影响捐赠供给与受灾需求之间的有效匹配。结合案例研究，文章搭建救灾捐赠中信息沟通的分析框架，研究发现，信息沟通困境对救灾捐赠的影响与冲击主要表现为信息内容残缺、信息传递失真、信息解读偏差三个层面，具体包含：弱势群体及地区信息获取存在缺口、信息迟滞下资源配置优先级失序、信息传递片面化与碎片化、慈善资源接收主体同质化特征明显、信息短视下资源配置阶段分布失调等多个现实难点。对于救灾捐赠中信息沟通困境的生成原因，本研究从慈善组织和政府调节两个层面进行解析。在慈善组织层面，主要涉及“求助人-慈善组织-捐赠人”的信息传递路径，信息沟通阻滞的生成受到个人因素、技术因素、机制因素、能力因素等的复合影响；在政府调节层面，其调节举措在结构因素、社会因素、资源因素等方面尚受到诸多限制，在矫正和消减救灾捐赠信息信息沟通不畅过程中面临挑战。

基于此，研究提出救灾捐赠中信息沟通不畅的优化路径，一是增强信息意识，厚植慈善文化，在社会范围优化信息沟通网络，培育战略性捐赠；二是畅通信息沟通信道，保障沟通的良好通达性，完善政社、社社及政府之间的信息互通，整合传统与新兴相结合的传播路径；三是推动信息透明化、专业化建设，完善监督保障体系建设，为灾害慈善事业发展保驾护航。

In recent years, China's extreme disasters have become more frequent and the risk of disasters has increased, seriously threatening people's normal production and life.2021 In July, China's Henan Province was hit by extreme rainfall and led to waterlogging, flash floods and other concurrent disasters, causing major casualties and economic losses. This catastrophe triggered universal concern and mobilized the whole society to donate, presenting a relatively complete, diversified and three-dimensional disaster relief donation scene, but also exposing a series of imbalance problems that need to be responded to urgently.

This study adopts a case study, taking the “720” heavy rainstorm in Henan as an example, using semi-structured interviews to collect empirical materials, and selecting frontline workers in disaster relief, workers in disaster relief coordination platforms, and cadres of disaster-stricken villages and towns as the interviewees, with a total of 18 people as the targets. Systematically combing relevant literature, official public donation data details and relevant policy documents to grasp the overall case donation situation. The case reveals that the current disaster relief donation work is facing imbalance problems, such as imbalance of donation recipients, out-of-order donation priorities, out-of-order distribution of donation phases, and disconnection of donation recipients, etc., and there is still a challenge to enhance the effectiveness and fairness of disaster charitable causes.

The analysis reveals that poor communication of information is a major source of imbalance in disaster relief donations. Due to the complexity and high uncertainty of the post-disaster scenario, the decline in timeliness, accuracy and completeness of information communication is almost an inevitable problem, which leads to a generalized contradiction between the delay and distortion of post-disaster information and the timely and comprehensive information needed by the subject, and thus affects the effective matching between the supply of donations and the demand for disaster relief. Combined with case studies, the article builds an analytical framework for information communication in disaster relief donations, and finds that the impact and influence of information communication dilemmas on disaster relief donations is mainly manifested in three levels, namely, mutilated information content, distorted information transmission, and biased information interpretation, specifically including: the gap in access to information for disadvantaged groups and regions, the disorder of resource allocation priorities under the information hysteresis, the one-sidedness and fragmentation of the information transmission, the homogenization of the subject of receiving charitable resources is obvious, and the distribution of the stage of resource allocation under the information shortsightedness is out of tune. This study analyzes the causes of information communication dilemmas in disaster relief donations at the levels of charitable organizations and government regulation. It is found that at the level of charitable organizations, the information transmission path mainly involves “helpers - charitable organizations - donors”, and the generation of information communication blockages is affected by the compound influence of personal factors, technical factors, mechanism factors and ability factors; at the level of government regulation, its regulatory initiatives are subject to many constraints in terms of structural, social, and resource factors, and face challenges in the process of correcting and mitigating miscommunication of information of disaster relief donations.

Based on this, the study proposes a path to alleviate the miscommunication of information in disaster relief donations, firstly, to enhance the information awareness, thickly plant the charitable culture, optimize the information communication network in the social scope, and cultivate the strategic donations; secondly, to smooth the information communication channel, guarantee the good accessibility of the communication, improve the information interoperability between the government and the society, and integrate the combination of the traditional and the emerging communication paths; and thirdly, to promote information transparency and professionalization, and to improve the construction of supervision and guarantee system, so as to escort the development of disaster charitable undertakings.