山东黄河三角洲既是重要的石油产区，也是是鸟类资源十分丰富的地区。为研究石油生产活动是否对该地鸟类分布及觅食活动产生负面影响，2021年3月至2021年10月，在山东黄河三角洲孤东油田低密度和高密度采油区进行了鸟类调查，在不同采油密度、距样线不同距离、离最近油井不同距离和不同生境下，对鸟类种类、数量、鸟类群落指数的差异性及其变化进行分析。2022年4月，在黄河三角洲进行鸟类觅食行为调查，录制视频对油区和非油区鸟类觅食速率的差异进行了研究，主要结果如下：

1. 调查期间共记录到鸟类107种，分属16目，43科，以雀形目鸟类最多，鸻形目鸟类次之；区系组成以古北界鸟类占绝对优势，居留型组成以旅鸟和夏候鸟占优势。记录到国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种，国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类8种。

2. 独立样本t检验以及非参数检验（鸟类多样性指数）结果表明低密度和高密度采油区鸟类种数、鸟类数量，鸟类多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数不存在显著差异。

3. 在距离油井0~50米范围内，鸟类种数及数量随距离的增加而增加，在50米以外的范围随距离增加而减少。一定程度可以表明中等水平的干扰可能对鸟类产生积极影响。距离样线越远，所记录到的鸟类种类及数量越少。在孤东油田调查范围内，在灌丛和芦苇，电线和空中中记录到的鸟类较多。

4. 油区和非油区鸟类觅食速率不存在统计学差异。

5. 调查中发现石油生产对鸟类影响主要体现在噪音、人类活动干扰以及油井设施建设对鸟类栖息地的占用，这是未来油区在建设、管理和优化中需要考虑的问题。

   The Yellow River Delta in Shandong is not only an important oil-producing region, but also a region rich in bird resources. In order to study whether oil production activities have a negative impact on the distribution and feeding activities of birds in the area, from March 2021 to October 2021, bird surveys were conducted in the low-density and high-density oil production areas of Gudong Oilfield in the Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province, and the differences and changes of bird species, numbers, bird community indexes and their changes were analyzed at different oil production densities, different distances from different sample lines, different distances from the nearest oil wells and different habitats. In April 2022, a survey of bird foraging behavior in the Yellow River Delta was conducted, and videos were recorded to study the difference between the foraging rates of birds in the oily and non-oil areas, and the main results were as follows:

1. During the survey, a total of 107 species of birds were recorded, belonging to 16 orders and 43 families, with the largest number of Passeriformes birds and followed by Plover birds; the fauna composition was absolutely dominated by birds of the Palearctic Realm, and the composition of the residency type was dominated by travel birds and summer migratory birds. Three species of birds under national level I key protection and 8 species of birds under national level II key protection were recorded.

2. The independent sample t-test and the non-parametric test (bird diversity index) show that there are no significant differences in the number of bird species, bird numbers, bird diversity, evenness index and richness index of low-density and high-density oil production areas.

3. Within 0 to 50 meters from the well, the number and number of bird species increase with the increase of distance, and the range beyond 50 meters decreases with the increase of distance. A degree can indicate that moderate levels of disturbance may have a positive impact on birds. The farther away from the sample line, the fewer bird species and numbers are recorded. Within the scope of the Gudong oilfield survey, more birds were recorded in shrublands and reeds, wires and the air. 

4. There was no statistical difference in feeding rates between birds in oil and non-oil zones.

5. In the survey, it was found that the impact of oil production on birds is mainly reflected in noise, human activity interference and the occupation of bird habitat by the construction of oil well facilities, which is a problem that needs to be considered in the construction, management and optimization of oil areas in the future.