在过去几十年中，高等教育国际化飞速发展。人力资本在各国软实力和国际竞争力中占据着愈来愈重要的地位。俄罗斯自苏联时期起，其留学生教育便自成一系，实力雄厚。之后其留学生政策虽然几经变迁，但在不同的历史时期表现出不同的政策取向和策略重点，始终保持着较为强大的生命力和竞争力。研究俄罗斯留学生教育政策的发展演变对我国留学生教育政策的制定具有重要借鉴意义。

论文主要采用文献研究法，在广泛收集与苏联和俄罗斯留学生教育政策相关的政府文件、法律法规、研究文献资料的基础上，对自二战后苏联时期和俄罗斯联邦成立至今的留学生教育政策进行归纳和分析，重点探讨各个时期留学生政策出台的背景、政策的具体内容以及后续的实施情况，从整体上梳理出俄罗斯留学生教育政策的演变脉络，并通过数字和图表的呈现，直观地展现出俄罗斯留学生在数量和专业以及生源国等方面的分布和变化。在此基础上，论文运用历史制度主义理论作为理论基础，从变迁路径、变迁类型和变迁的动力机制三个方面分析二战以来俄罗斯留学生教育政策的变迁。

基于以上研究得出结论。第一，二战后苏联留学生教育政策的制定主要受意识形态的影响，广纳招收社会主义国家的学生，留学教育处于世界领先水平，援助与控制是此阶段的主题，整体呈渐进式变迁。第二，叶利钦时期处于社会变革与重新建立的时期，此阶段相较于苏联时期，无论在意识形态、经济体制还是教育政策方面都有较大的不同，呈现断裂式变迁。留学教育整体上呈现出停滞与倒退的状态，留学政策基本处于解构与建构的过程中。第三，新千年普京执政以来，俄罗斯联邦进行大刀阔斧的改革，在留学教育的发展上得到的较大的恢复与发展，强调效率和质量两手抓，并继续向留学大国和强国努力，整体上呈渐变式变迁。

在结论的基础上，论文总结了俄罗斯留学生教育政策对我国来华留学教育的几点启示。首先，要确保来华留学教育政策符合本国国情和留学生教育的发展规律。其次，要立足长远，制定长期的来华留学教育政策，确保政策的连续性。最后，以点带面，重点推进，确定来华留学生教育政策的优先发展方向。

In the past few decades, the internationalization of higher education has developed rapidly. Human capital occupies an increasingly important position in the soft power and international competitiveness of various countries. Since the Soviet Union period, Russia has had a strong and strong international education system. Although its foreign student policy has changed several times since then, it has shown different policy orientations and strategic priorities in different historical periods, and has always maintained a relatively strong vitality and competitiveness. Studying the development and evolution of Russian foreign students 'education policies has important reference significance for the formulation of foreign students' education policies in China.

The thesis mainly adopts the literature research method, based on the extensive collection of government documents, laws and regulations, and research literature related to the education policies of the Soviet Union and Russia, and summarizes the education policies of foreign students since the establishment of the Soviet Union after the Second World War and the establishment of the Russian Federation Analysis, focusing on the background of the introduction of foreign student policies in various periods, the specific content of the policy and the follow-up implementation, as a whole, sort out the evolution of the Russian student education policy, and through the presentation of numbers and charts, intuitively show that Russian students are Distribution and changes in terms of quantity and specialty, and country of origin. On this basis, the thesis uses historical institutionalism theory as the theoretical basis to analyze the changes in Russian foreign students' education policies since the Second World War from three aspects: the path of change, the type of change, and the dynamic mechanism of change.

Based on the above research conclusions. First, the formulation of the education policy for foreign students in the Soviet Union after World War II was mainly influenced by ideology. The recruitment of students from socialist countries was widely accepted. The education abroad is at the world's leading level. Aid and control are the themes of this stage, and the overall change is gradual. Second, the Yeltsin period was in a period of social transformation and re-establishment. Compared with the Soviet period, this stage was quite different in terms of ideology, economic system, and education policy, showing a fractured change. Studying abroad education as a whole shows a state of stagnation and retrogression. The study abroad policy is basically in the process of deconstruction and construction. Thirdly, since Putin came to power in the new millennium, the Russian Federation has carried out drastic reforms, and has achieved greater recovery and development in the development of study abroad education, emphasizing both efficiency and quality, and continued to work towards the major and powerful countries of study abroad. Gradual change.

On the basis of the conclusions, the thesis summarizes the enlightenment of the Russian education policy for foreign students to the education of Chinese students studying in China. First of all, it is necessary to ensure that the education policy for studying in China conforms to the national conditions and the law of development of foreign students' education. Secondly, it is necessary to formulate a long-term education policy for studying abroad in China based on the long-term and ensure the continuity of the policy. Finally, we will focus on advancing with points, and determine the priority development direction of the education policy for international students coming to China.