近年来，电信网络诈骗犯罪数量持续增长，犯罪手段不断成熟，犯罪花样不断迭代翻新，已经演化为一个全球化问题。犯罪分子借助科技驱动和黑灰产支持、跨国实施犯罪，并衍生出洗钱、人口贩运、人体器官买卖、绑架等恶劣刑事犯罪行为，严重荼毒我国民众生命、财产安全，扰乱社会秩序。跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪兼具新型网络犯罪和跨国、有组织犯罪的特性，在当今电信网络诈骗发展跨国化、精准化、产业化、组织化的发展趋势下，没有国家能够独自应对这一挑战，国际合作在打击跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪中发挥着至关重要的作用。

虽然目前我国与外国开展刑事司法合作已经形成了较为多层次、宽领域的法律体系，包括刑事司法协助相关国际公约、刑事司法协助性质双边条约和框架性执法合作协定等国际法体系和国内法律、司法解释及其他规定等国内法律体系，并由相关的国际法和国内法渊源衍生出了对应的引渡和引渡替代措施、狭义的刑事司法协助等刑事司法合作形式。这为我国与外国在刑事案件调查、侦查、起诉、审判和执行等活动中相互提供协助提供了相对完善的制度框架。但我国开展打击刑事司法合作仍然面临不少现实难题，如刑事司法协助所依托的法律适用不完善、不同国家刑事管辖权发生竞合、不同合作机制不能兼顾稳定性与效率性等制度运行障碍和我国执法部门警力不足、存在畏难情绪，相关合作国家积极性低、执法能力有限的执法合作障碍。

同时，在打击跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪中，“人”“钱”“证”的追回困境仍然是国际刑事司法合作中的难题。在“人”的追回上，犯罪嫌疑人追捕和定罪难的原因较为复杂，一是由于缺乏政治互信和损害主权的担忧，我国与外国没有建立完善的情报共享机制，跨境电信网络诈骗情报信息共享不足；二是境外取证的标准不一、证据移送的法律适用空白导致证据瑕疵，使境外取证影响犯罪认定；三是管辖权竞合与法律障碍导致的引渡和制裁困难。在“钱”的追回上，跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪具有成熟的黑灰产洗白犯罪所得导致资产流向和数额难以确定，国内国际追赃法律规则衔接不畅导致国内外法律适用标准冲突，没有建立完善的资产返还和分享制度，导致相关国家协助我国追回赃款积极性低，跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪赃款返还和追缴率低。在“证”的追回上，境外取证面临外国语言、文化、制度差异，法律空白和地方保护主义，导致境外举证效率低下；新兴的短视频诈骗更受到第三方平台的公民隐私保护政策限制，取证更为困难。

“人”“钱”“证”的追回困境产生的根本原因是执法、司法的跨法域化，因而我们应尽可能地通过加强刑事司法合作减少法域的阻隔带来的不便影响，克服隔阂与偏执的主权执念，积极融入国家间交往和全球一体化的进程中。从国际层面，可以推动探索管辖权协商和国家间再引渡合作机制、倡导缔结全球性反黑灰产洗钱国际公约、加强与外国资产返还和分享合作以及协调精简国际司法合作程序；从区域层面，可以推动构建互认互信的犯罪证据体系、推动常态化信息与人才交流和从外交渠道增进国际友谊和政治互信；从国内层面，应创新国内跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪治理模式、建立案件侦破激励机制及加强执法人才队伍建设。总体而言，本文旨在为我国打击跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪提供参考，以期完善相关制度，加强国际刑事司法合作，打出治理跨境电信网络诈骗的组合拳，形成国内、国际治理合力。

In recent years, the number of telecom network fraud crimes has continued to increase, the means of crime have continued to mature, and the pattern of crime has been iteratively renovated, which has evolved into a globalization problem. Criminals, driven by science and technology and supported by black and gray production, commit crimes transnationally, and derive bad criminal acts such as money laundering, human trafficking, human organ trading, and kidnapping, which seriously harms the safety of our people's lives and property and disrupts social order. Cross-border telecom network fraud crime has the characteristics of a new type of cybercrime and transnational and organized crime. Under the current development trend of transnationalization, precision, industrialization and organization of telecommunications network fraud, no country can meet this challenge alone. International cooperation plays a role in combating cross-border telecommunications network fraud. A vital role.

Although China's criminal justice cooperation with foreign countries has formed a relatively multi-level and broad-field legal system, including international law systems such as international conventions on criminal justice assistance, bilateral treaties of criminal justice assistance and framework law enforcement cooperation agreements, and domestic laws such as domestic laws, judicial interpretation and other provisions. The system derives the corresponding forms of criminal justice cooperation such as extradition and extradition replacement measures, narrow criminal justice assistance, etc. from the relevant sources of international law and domestic law. This provides a relatively complete institutional framework for China and foreign countries to assist each other in criminal case investigation, investigation, prosecution, trial and execution. However, China still faces many practical problems in combating criminal justice cooperation, such as the imperfect application of the law on which criminal justice assistance is based, the competition between the criminal jurisdiction of different countries, the failure of different cooperation mechanisms to take into account the stability and efficiency of the system, and the lack of police force and fear of difficulties in China's law enforcement departments. Obstacles to law enforcement cooperation with low enthusiasm and limited law enforcement ability of relevant cooperative countries.

At the same time, in the fight against cross-border telecommunications network fraud, the recovery dilemma of "people", "money" and "certificate" is still a difficult problem in international criminal justice cooperation. In the recovery of "people", the reasons for the pursuit and conviction of criminal suspects are relatively complicated. First, due to the lack of political mutual trust and the concern of damage to sovereignty, China and foreign countries have not established a perfect intelligence sharing mechanism, and the cross-border telecommunications network fraud intelligence information sharing is insufficient; second, the standards for overseas evidence collection are not there, and the evidence is transferred. The blank application of the law leads to flaws in evidence, so that overseas evidence collection affects the identification of crime. Third, the extradition and sanctions difficulties caused by the competition of jurisdiction and legal obstacles. In the recovery of "money", the cross-border telecommunications network fraud crime has mature black and gray production and whitewashing criminal income, which makes it difficult to determine the flow and amount of assets. The poor connection of domestic and international legal rules for the recovery of stolen goods leads to the conflict of applicable standards of laws at home and abroad, and the failure to establish a perfect asset return and sharing system, which leads to the assistance of relevant countries. China has low enthusiasm for recovering stolen money, and the return and recovery rate of stolen money for cross-border telecommunications network fraud is low. In the recovery of "certificate", overseas evidence collection faces foreign language, culture, institutional differences, legal gaps and local protectionism, resulting in the low efficiency of evidence abroad; the emerging short video fraud is more restricted by the citizen privacy protection policy of third-party platforms when taking evidence, so it is more difficult to obtain evidence.

The root cause of the recovery dilemma of "people", "money" and "certificate" is the cross-jurislization of law enforcement and justice. Therefore, we should try our best to reduce the inconvenience caused by the barrier of the jurisdiction by strengthening criminal justice cooperation, overcome the sovereignty obsession of estrangement and paranoia, and actively integrate into the process of inter-country exchanges and global integration. At the international level, it can promote the exploration of jurisdictional consultation and extradition cooperation mechanisms between countries, advocate the conclusion of a global anti-money-laundering international convention, strengthen cooperation with foreign assets return and sharing, and coordinate and streamline international judicial cooperation procedures. At the regional level, it can promote the construction of a criminal evidence system of mutual recognition and mutual trust. Promote normalized information and talent exchange and enhance international friendship and political mutual trust from diplomatic channels; from the domestic level, we should innovate the domestic cross-border telecommunications network fraud crime management model, establish an incentive mechanism for case detection, and strengthen the construction of law enforcement talents. Generally speaking, this article aims to provide reference for China to combat cross-border telecommunications network fraud crimes, in order to improve relevant systems, strengthen international criminal justice cooperation, fight against cross-border telecommunications network fraud, and form a domestic and international governance joint force.