锂硫电池（Li-S）是新型二次电池的研究热点，它的理论比容量能够达到 一个相当高的值（1675mAh/g），且在自然界中硫的贮存量相当的丰富。 锂硫 电池拥有对环境安全友好无污染，价格经济低廉，能够多次循环且不存在记忆 效应的影响等诸多优点。锂硫电池的这些优势使得它在我们的日常生活中得 到了广泛的应用。随着时代的发展，人类将会面对越来越严重的能源危机，寻 求更好的电化学性能的物质作为锂硫电池的正极材料迫在眉睫。 单质硫作为锂硫电池的正极材料存在着一些不可避免的问题：硫的导电 性欠佳，在电极反应过程中中间产物易溶解，在放电路径中电极会发生体积膨 胀从而使得电化学性能严重衰减，影响电池使用寿命等。在目前的研究中，主 要存在着将金属氧化物掺杂到电极中和采用介孔材料改善电极材料性能两种 方法。本论文选择用介孔碳负载金属硫化物（硫化锌， ZnS）作为硫的宿主材 料，这样不仅可以增强正极材料的导电性，介孔碳特有的孔道结构还可以承受 反应中的膨胀现象。 本论文采取一步合成法，制备以介孔二氧化硅（SBA-15）为模板的负载 硫化锌（ZnS）的多孔碳材料；继而对制得的 CMK-3-ZnS 进行各项理化性能 测试，主要包含 X 射线粉末衍射（XRD）表征，氮气吸附-脱附表征（BET）， 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征，热重分析仪（TGA）表征；除了以上四项，对 填硫后的 CMK-3-ZnS 还开展了电化学方面的表征。通过上述理化以及电化学 表征，能够对电池性能有大致的了解。在进行上文叙述的实验操作和验证之后，2 得到的研究成果如下： 以介孔二氧化硅（SBA-15）、蔗糖（C12H22O11）、浓硫酸（H2SO4， 98%）、 六水合硝酸锌（分析纯）为原料，通过一步合成法制得负载 ZnS 的介孔碳材 料（CMK-3-ZnS）。通过多次改变锌离子与硫酸的摩尔比进行制备，当它们的 摩尔比达到 1.71 时，能够得到较为纯净的硫化锌。 CMK-3-ZnS 中 ZnS 的负载 量约为 49.7wt % ， CMK-3-ZnS-S 中 S 的负载量约为 70wt % 。通过 SEM 图， 能够看出 CMK-3-ZnS 具有介孔材料典型的外观， ZnS 颗粒很好地分散于介 孔材料内。通过氮气吸附实验，可以看出 CMK-3-ZnS 和 CMK-3-ZnS-S 都是 典型的介孔材料，孔径分布均匀， ZnS 颗粒很好地进入了孔道内部，填入的硫 也进入了介孔材料内部。在 0.1 C 的电流密度下， CMK-3-ZnS-S 具有较好的 稳定性与较高的比容量，经由 50 次循环比容量仍保持在 2000 mAh/g 以上； 但随着电流密度的增大，电池性能衰减的很严重，比容量降低。绘制循环性较 好的电池的充放电曲线，能够看出电池具有较高的充放电电压与比较完整的 电压平台，说明电池的性能较为良好。

Lithium-sulfur battery is to be a hotspot for new batteries. It has a high specific capacity (1675mAh / g), and the storage capacity in nature is very rich in sulfur. Lithium-sulfur batteries are of a large number of superiorities ， like being environmental-friendly, pollution-free, low-cost, recyclable, and without memory effect. The advantages of it make lithium-sulfur battery widely used in our daily life. With the wonderful changes of modern society, human beings will face an increasingly serious energy crisis, and the search for substances with better electrochemical properties is an urgent matter as a cathode material for them. There are some unavoidable problems with sulfur as cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries. The conductivity of sulfur is not so good, and the intermediate product is easily dissolved in the electrode reaction process. In the discharge path, the electrode will undergo volume expansion and the electrochemical performance will be seriously attenuated, which will affect the life span of the battery, etc. In the current research, there are mainly two methods of doping the metal oxide into the electrode and using the mesoporous material to improve the performance of the electrode material. In this dissertation, mesoporous carbon-supported metal sulfides (zinc sulfide, ZnS) were selected as host materials for sulfur. This not only enhances the conductivity of the positive electrode material,4 but also the unique pore structure of mesoporous carbon can withstand the swelling phenomenon in the reaction. In this paper, a one-step synthesis method was used to prepare a porous ZnSsupported porous carbon material with mesoporous silica (SBA-15) template. Then the physicochemical characterization of the product, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) characterization, nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterization (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) characterization is undergone. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the sulfur-filled products were also characterized. Through sundry characterizations above, the battery performance is judged after a series of experimental operations, the conclusions are following: Using mesoporous silica (SBA-15), sucrose (C12H22O11), concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%), and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) as raw materials, mesoporous carbon materials loaded with ZnS (CMK-3-ZnS) was achieved by onestep synthesis. It is known from the experiment that when the molar ratio of zinc ion to sulfuric acid is 1.71, a relatively pure zinc sulfide can be obtained. The load of ZnS is about 49.7 wt % ,and the other of S is about 70%.From the SEM image, it can be seen that CMK-3-ZnS has the typical appearance of the mesoporous material. And the ZnS particles are well dispersed in the mesoporous material. From nitrogen adsorption images, it can be seen that CMK-3-ZnS and CMK-3-ZnS-S are typical mesoporous materials. The pore size distribution is uniform and the ZnS particles enter the inside of the cell well. The injected sulfur also enters the interior of the5 mesoporous material. If the current density comes to 0.1 C, CMK-3-ZnS-S has better stability and higher specific capacity. After 50 cycles, the capacity of the batteries is still over 2000 mAh/g. However, with the current density increasing , the battery performance decays very seriously, the specific capacity is down. Drawing the charge-discharge curve of the batteries with better cycling performance, and we can see that the battery has a higher charge and discharge voltage and a relatively complete voltage platform, which also points out that the battery properties are relatively good.