失独父母是罹患延长哀伤的高危人群，但是现有研究缺乏对失独父母延长哀伤的直接考察。聚焦于延长哀伤的病理机制，已有的哀伤认知行为概念化模型强调了依恋与延长哀伤存在一定的关联。由于中国文化强调家族传承，父母与孩子彼此依赖、紧密联系，孩子逝去后，其与孩子及伴侣之间的依恋会发生变动，因此该模型从依恋与哀伤的角度理解中国失独父母具有明显优势。但是前人研究对依恋与延长哀伤的关系未发现一致的结论，这可能有两方面的解释。一方面，目前研究似乎很少将其他因素结合考虑，比如说反刍思维，这种关于丧亲事件的反刍认知在延长哀伤的产生过程中发挥着重要作用。同时，以往丧亲的研究忽略了依恋关系中的两个个体的互相影响，且以二元视角对情绪的实证研究甚少，尤其是欠缺对哀伤进行二元分析的研究。因此，本研究将采用主-客体互倚中介模型的方法，考察反刍思维在不同依恋类型与延长哀伤关系间的中介作用。 本研究通过走访失独家庭的方式，采用自编的失独父母人口学信息与子女信息调查表、亲密关系经历量表、事件相关反刍问卷、延长哀伤问卷对150组失独父母进行调查(年龄M丈夫= 63.39, SD丈夫=6.83; M妻子= 59.59, SD妻子=6.82)。整个实施的流程由参加过培训的志愿者主导，指导失独夫妻分别进行知情同意书及问卷的填写，并告知相关的帮扶资源。同时，研究者在一个月内给志愿服务团队及失独父母反馈相关调查结果及建议。 结果发现，(1) 失独母亲的依恋焦虑、反刍思维与延长哀伤得分显著高于失独父亲，失独父亲的依恋回避得分显著高于失独母亲。(2) 丈夫和妻子延长哀伤与丧子时间呈显著负相关，且分别都在是否预料到孩子去世和是否有孙辈上差异显著；妻子延长哀伤在孩子性别上差异显著。(3)反刍思维分别在依恋焦虑、依恋回避与延长哀伤的关系中起中介作用。 (4) 丈夫的依恋焦虑只具有主体效应，可以显著正向预测自身延长哀伤症状；妻子的依恋焦虑只具有主体效应，可以显著正向预测自身延长哀伤症状；妻子的依恋回避只具有主体效应，即可以显著正向预测自身延长哀伤症状；丈夫的依恋回避不仅具有主体效应，还具有客体效应，即能够显著正向预测自身和妻子的延长哀伤症状。(5) 丈夫的依恋焦虑可以通过自身的反刍思维影响自身的延长哀伤症状；丈夫的依恋焦虑可以通过妻子的反刍思维影响妻子的延长哀伤症状；妻子的依恋焦虑可以通过丈夫的反刍思维影响丈夫的延长哀伤症状；丈夫的依恋回避可以通过自身的反刍思维影响自身的延长哀伤症状。 综上，本论文考察了失独父母双方的反刍思维对依恋类型与延长哀伤关系的作用。将哀伤认知行为概念化模型、主-客体互倚模型和中介模型进行了整合，发现了失独父亲和母亲的反刍思维对自身和配偶的延长哀伤存在不同程度的影响，并且影响路径也有所不同。研究结果为有助于学者从更为整体的框架理解延长哀伤的影响因素以及从更为细节地层面上认识延长哀伤的病理机制。对未来如何从认知和夫妻的角度对夫妻双方的延长哀伤进行干预提供了启示。

Shidu Parents are at high risk for prolonged grief, but few studies have directly examined their prolonged grief. Focusing on the pathologic mechanism of prolonged grief, the cognitive‐behavioral conceptualization of grief emphasizes that there is a certain relationship between attachment and prolonged grief. Since Chinese culture emphasizes family inheritance, and parents and child tend to be too dependent on each other for survival. However, after the death of the child, the attachment to the child and the partner will change, thus this model has an advantage in understanding the Chinese Shidu parents. But the results of the relationship between the attachment and prolonged grief is inconsistent, there are two possible explanations: on the one hand, current empirical researches seem to seldom combine other factors, such as rumination. The cognition of rumination about bereavement plays an important role in the process of prolonged grief. Moreover, the method of actor partner interdependence model and mediation model may explain the different effects of attachment style of Shidu parents on prolonging grief; and the previous bereavement studies ignore the mutual influence of the two individuals in the attachment relationship, and there is very little empirical research on emotions from the dyadic perspective, especially lacking of dyadic analysis of grief. Therefore, this study attempts to use the method of actor-partner interdependence mediation model to investigate the mediating role of rumination in the relationship of different attachment types and prolong grief. 150 shidu couples(age Mhusband = 63.39, SDhusband =6.83; Mwife = 59.59, SDwife = 6.82) were recruited by non-profit organization in JiangSu Province. They completed anonymous, retrospective, self-report surveys assessing the parents themselves and their children's basic information questionnaire, experiences in close relationships inventory questionnaire, event related rumination inventory, prolonged grief questionnaire. The entire implementation process is led by volunteers who have participated in the training and guided the Shidu parents to fill in the informed consent form and the questionnaire respectively, and informed the relevant support resources. At the same time, the researchers gave feedback on the findings and suggestions to the non-profit organization and the Shidu parents within one month. The results showed that (1) the attachment anxiety, rumination and prolonged grief scores of the Shidu mothers were significantly higher than those of the Shidu fathers. The attachment avoidance score of the Shidu fathers was significantly higher than that of the Shidu mothers. (2) The prolonged grief is negatively correlated with the duration of the loss of the shidu parents, and Significant differences in prolonged grief is demonstrated in the child's gender, and the wife's prolonged grief was significantly different in the child's gender. (3) The rumination plays a mediating role in the relationship between attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and prolonged grief. (4) Husband's attachment anxiety only has a actor effect, which can significantly predict itself to prolonged grief; wife's attachment anxiety only has a actor effect, which can significantly predict itself to prolonged grief; wife's attachment avoidance only has a partner effect, it can significantly predict itself to prolonged grief; the husband's attachment avoidance not only has a actor effect, but also has an partner effect, it can significantly predict the prolonged grief symptoms of itself and the wife. (5) Husband's attachment anxiety can affect her own prolonged grief symptoms through her own rumination; her husband's attachment anxiety can affect her wife's prolonged grief through her wife's rumination; her wife's attachment anxiety can affect her husband's prolonged grief through her husband's rumination. The husband's attachment avoidance can affect his own prolonged grief symptoms through his own rumination. In summary, this paper aimed to examine the role of rumination in the relationship between attachment and prolonged grief. The cognitive‐behavioral conceptualization of grief, the actor-partner interdependence model and the mediation model were integrated, and it was found that both the effects of couples’ attachment on prolonged grief and the underlying mechanisms depend on couples’ gender. The research results provide a theoretical and methodological perspective for the future study, and it will help us to understand the impact factors of prolonged grief and a more integrated perspective for pathologic mechanism of grief. This paper also gives some insight about how to conduct intervention improving prolonged grief from the view of cognition and couple.