“一带一路”倡议作为环境保护重要性愈发凸显的大背景下提出的国际贸易合作战略，其对外直接投资（OFDI）逆向技术溢出对环境的影响值得关注。本研究主要通过构建面板数据和计量模型等探究中国对“一带一路”沿线国家直接投资逆向技术溢出对环境的影响，分析OFDI逆向技术溢出的地区异质性情况、环境影响具体机制，从政府、企业等主体提出政策建议。研究发现中国OFDI逆向技术溢出与环境污染指数呈现负相关关系，但存在区域异质性；OFDI逆向技术溢出会通过提升本地区的技术创新水平从而削减环境污染。应当加强对外直接投资的发展，同时促进各省市投资逆向技术溢出的产生以及作用的发挥。

The "Belt and Road" initiative, as an international trade cooperation strategy proposed in the context of the increasing importance of environmental protection, is noteworthy for the environmental impact of OFDI reverse technology spillovers. This study investigates the environmental impact of reverse technology spillover from China's direct investment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative by constructing panel data and econometric models, analyses the regional heterogeneity of OFDI reverse technology spillover and the specific mechanism of environmental impact, and puts forward policy recommendations from the government, enterprises and other subjects. The study finds that China's OFDI reverse technology spillover and the environmental pollution index show a negative correlation, but there is regional heterogeneity; OFDI reverse technology spillover will cut down the environmental pollution by upgrading the level of technological innovation in the region. The development of OFDI should be strengthened, and the generation and role of reverse technology spillover should be promoted in all provinces and cities.